Kflsqfn dI loV
ikAuN? Kflsqfn bxfAux dy kfrn aqy gulfmI dIaF insLfnIaF.
Kflsqfn dI loV
ikAuN ? Kflsqfn bxfAux dy kfrn aqy gulfmI dIaF insLfnIaF.
*-pMjfbI boldy ielfky hirafxf-ihmfcl-rfjsQfn,
pMjfb qoN bfhr kwZy gey. agoN hor abohr Pfijlkf ielfky
Kohx qoN bcf leI Kflsqfn cfhIdf hY.
*-pMjfb nMU kmjor krn leI iqMn toty kr idWqy
gey, hux cMzIgVH vI Koihaf jf irhf hY. cMzIgVH nMU bcfAux leI aqy pMjfb nMU ihMdU cfxkIaf nIqI rfhIN hor
KurnoN bcfAux leI Kflsqfn cfhIdf hY.
*-pMjfb df kImqI pfxI, pMjfb ivWc bhuq loV
hMuidaF hoieaF vI, pMjfb ivroDI ihMdU awqvfdI eyjMsIaF Dwky nfl Koh ky lY jf rhIaF hn aqy pMjfb dI DrqI bMjr
bxdI jf rhI hY. Kohy jFdy pfxI dI rokQfm leI Kflsqfn
dysL cfhIdf hY.
*-pMjfb ivWc ibjlI dI bhuq Gft hY, iPr vI pMjfb
dI ibjlI-pMjfb qoN Koh ky dUsry pRFqF nMU idWqI jFdI hY. pMjfb dy nfgirkF nMU pihl dy aDfr ‘qy pUrI ibjlI dyx leI aqy
ihMdU awqvfd vwloN kOzIaF dy Bfa luwtI jFdI
ibjlI dI kImq nMU bcfAux leI Kflsqfn cfhIdf hY.
*-pMjfb dy hYzvrks df kMtrol, Dwky nfl ihMdU
awqvfdI isstm ny afpxy kbjy ivWc kIqf hoieaf hY. pMjfb
dy nfgirkF dI pihl dy aDfr ‘qy hr pwKoN qrkI leI sfry kMtrol Kflsf srkfr
dy hWQF ivWc ilafAux leI Kflsqfn dI loV hY.
*-ihMdU awqvfd ny, ihMdUsqfnI POjF ivWc isWKF dI
igxqI 43% qoN Gtf ky 2% kr idWqI hY. POjF ivWc GtfeI
igxqI qoN bfad hux isWK kOm nMU afpxy byrujgfr nOjvfnF nMU nOkrIaF dyx
leI aqy afpxI POjI sLkqI nMU bhfl rwKx leI,
Kflsqfn dI loV hY.
*-ihMdU awqvfd ny, ihMdUsqfnI POjF ivWc, isWK
jrnYlF nMU ipWCy krky-ihMdU kmFzr ien cIP bxfieaf jFdf hY. ihMdUsqfnI isstm vwloN isWKF dy qrkI krn dy
rsiqaF ivWc rukfvtF KVIaF kIqIaF jFdIaf hn. ihMdU awqvfd
dy pwKpfqI rveIey nMU juwqI Qwly nwpx leI aqy hoxhfr nMU awgy vwDx dy mOky
idWqy jfx leI Kflsqfn dI loV hY.
*-ihMdUsqfnI bRfhmx ihMdU awqvfd vwloN,plYinMg
smyN pMjfb nMU kmjor krn dI nIqI dy qihq-dUsry pRFqF dy
mukfbly bhuq Gwt jF nf mfqr rkm idWqI jFdI hY. pMjfb nMU ihMdU awqvfdI
isstm vwloN hor kmjor krn qoN bcfAux leI aqy
pMjfb isr ibn vjf ihMdU awqvfd vwloN cVfey jfdyN krjy qoN bcfAux leI Kflsqfn dI
loV hY.
*-1950 ivWc ihMdU awqvfd vwloN lfgU kIqy,
ihMdUsqfnI ivDfn ivWc, isWK kOm nMU kfnMUnI rUp ivWc ihMdU bxf idWqf igaf hY. agoN isWK kOm nMU afpxI vwKrI hoNd
nMU bcfeI rWKx leI Kflsqfn dI loV hY.
*-ihMdUsqfnI bRfhmx ihMdU awqvfd, afr aYs aYs dy
rUp ‘c, isWK Drm dy aMdrUnI msilaF ivWc isWDI dKl aMdfjI
krky, cfxkIaf nIqI dy qihq pfVoH ‘qy rfj kro dy rfhIN gurisWK isDfqF dIaF DjIaF
AuVf irhf hY. gurisWK isDfqF dI rfKI leI aqy
cfxkIaf nIqI dI dKl aMdfjI dI rok Qfm leI Kflsqfn dI jrUrq hY.
*-ihMdUsqfn aMdr, ihMdU awqvfd vwloN-isWK hwkF
dI gwl krn vfilaF nMU PFsIaF ‘qy ltkfieaf jFdf hY-dysL
inkfly idWqy jFdy hn-JUTy puils mukfbilaF rfhIN jfno mfiraf jFdf hY-jo
iksy qrIky Bwj nwT ky bc jfx AunHF dy isrF
dy ienfm rwKy jFdy hn-gwl kI iksy nf iksy bhfny isWK jvfnI nMU Kqm kIqf jf irhf
hY. ihMdUsqfnI cfxkIaf nIqI qoN isWK hwkF
nMU bcfAux leI aqy isWK jfvfnI nMU ihMdU awqvfd dI blI cVHn qoN bcfAux leI Kflsqfn dI jrUrq hY.
*-ihMdUsqfn dI sr jLmIn ‘qy ieQoN dy awqvfd
vwloN anykF pRkfr dy qsIhy idwqy gey aqy idWqy jf rhy hny, ijvyN bMd bMd kt dyxf-KoprIaF lfh dyxIaF-afiraF nfl cIr
dyxf-bwicaF dy toty toty krky gwlF ‘c hfr pro ky pf
dyxy-bwcy nMU mfr ky Aus df mfs bfp dy mMUh ivWc qun dyxf-jmUrF nfl mfs
nocxf-ijAuNdy jIa awKF kwZ dyxIaF-ijAUNdy
jIa gwlF ‘c tfier pf ky awgF lgf ky sfV dyxf-grBpqI mfvF DIaF BYxF ‘qy jbr
jLulm krky grB igrf dyxy-ijMAuNdy jI do jIpF
mgr bMn ky ivcfilAuN pfV ky mfr dyxf-TfixaF ‘c pirvfrk
mYNbrF nMU iek dUsry dy sfhmxy alP nMigaF krky iek dUsry qoN
ktfAuxf-TfixaF ‘c iljf ky ipAu DI df afps ‘c
jbrI sbMD krfAuxf-TfixaF ‘c duwD
cMugdy bwicaF nMU mfvF qoN Koh ky AuhnF dy srIr qoN kwpVy Auqfr ky srIr ‘qy imTf mwl ky iPr bwicaF nMU
kIVIaF dy BOx ‘qy bTfAuxf-TfixaF ‘c duwD cMugdy bwicaF nMU mfvF qoN Koh ky AuhnF dy srIr qoN kwpVy Auqfr ky
iPr AunHF nMU qwqI imwtI ivWc mDolxf-qwqy srIey krky
srIr ivWc dI lMgf dyxy-awKF ivWc aqy srIr dy jKmF Aupwr nUx imrcF
pfAuxIaF-gupwq aMgF ‘c ibjlI dy Jwtky
dyxy-kpiVaF ivWc cUhy Cwzxy-puwTf bMn ky ltkfAuxf-lwqF pfVnIaF-Gotxy
lfAuxy-hwQF dIaF qlIaF Qwly awg dIaF lftF
bflxIaF-hwQF pYrF dy nUh jmUrF nfl iKwc iKwc qoV dyxy-lwqF bfhF keI QfvF qoN
BMn qoV dyxIaF-pfxI ‘c zbo zbo ky
mfrnf-ijLhr dy tIky lgf ky mfrnf-hvflfqF ‘c swp lVf ky mfrnf-jylF ‘c kYd krky
afty ‘c kwc pIh ky KlfAuxf, afid. isWK kOm nMU ihMdUsqfnI ihMdU awqvfd dy jLbr
jLulm df hor sfhmxf krn qoN bcfAux leI
Kflsqfn dI loV hY.
*-muslmfnF dy rfj ivWc ihMdUaF dIaF DIaF BYxF dI
iejLq luwtI jFdI sI ‘qy isWK rKvfly bxdy sn. awj ihMdUaF
vwloN nvMbr 84 ‘c sfzIaF isWKF dIaF iejLqF lutIaF geIaF, agoN isWK kOm dI
iejLwq dI rfKI leI Kflsqfn dI loV hY.
*-ihMdUsqfnI rfj nIqI qihq, gurisWK isDFq iQVkdy
njLr af rhy hn, ienHF isDfqF nMU iek ivDfn ‘c rwKx leI
Kflsqfn dI loV hY.
*-ihMdUaF dy kurUksLyqr, hirduafr, kfsLI, sLihrF
nMU pivWqr drjf krfr idWqf igaf hY aqy aMimRqsr nMU
pivWqr drjf idvfAux dI gwl krn vfilaF nMU ihMdU awqvfd dy jLbr jLulm df
sfhmxf krnf pY irhf hY-afKr ikAuN ? ikAuN ik asIN gulfm hF, ies gulfmI nMU qoVn
leI Kflsqfn dI loV hY.
*-1947 ‘c ihMdU awqvfd vwloN isWK kOm nMU
jLrfiem pysLf kOm df iKqfb idWqf igaf. isWK kOm jLrfiem pysLf nhIN blik swcvfdI hY. ihMdUsqfn nfl isWK kOm
jLrfiem pysLf bx ky nhIN rih skdI. isWK kOm nMU swcvfdI
bx ky ijAux leI Kflsqfn dI loV hY.
*-pMjfb dI rIV dI hwzI ipMz hn ‘qy ipMzF ‘c jwt
dI jLmIn dI hwd bMdI 7 hYktr krnI, pr sLihr ‘c koeI
hwd bMdI nf krnf. ieh pMjfb nMU lwk qoVvIN hfr dyx qoN Gwt nhIN. pMjfb
nMU aqy pMjfb dy hr vrg nMU mjLbUq bxf ky
rwKx leI Kflsqfn dI loV hY.
*-gurisWKI dy sMudr bfg ivWc, ihMdU awqvfd vwloN
keI pRkfr dI jihrIlI bUtI pYdf kIqI geI hY qF ik isWKI
df bUtf ihMdUsqfn ivcoN suwk jfvy jF Kqm ho jfvy. isWKI dy bUty nMU
bcfAux leI ies bfg coN ihMdU awqvfd dI jihrIlI
bUtI nMU jVHoN putx leI Kflsqfn dI loV hY.
*-axKIlI isWK nsl nMU Kqm krn leI, ihMdU awqvfd
vwloN pMjfb ivWc hr isWK dy Gr aMdr nsLy phMucfAux dy
Xqn XfrI hn, ienHF XqnF nMU nfkfmXfb krn leI Kflsqfn dI loV hY.
*-pMjfb ies vkq, ihMdUsqfn aqy pfiksqfn dy
ivckfr mOq dy mMUh ‘c bYTf hY jo ienHF dI lVfeI ‘c kdy vI Kqm ho skdf hY. pMjfb nMU afpxI slfmqI leI
ihMdusqfn qoN vwK ho ky Kflsqfn dI loV hY.
*-isWKF dI cVHdI klHf vfly
pRogrfm-aKbfrF-ryzIA-tIvI, ‘qy nhIN idKfey jFdy blik GtIaf ikrdfrF ‘c pysL kr kr idKfieaf jFdf hY qF ik dunIaF pDwr ‘qy
isWK kOm nMU bdnfm kIqf jf sky, ieh ies leI ho irhf
hY ikAuNik ihMdUsqfnI mIzIey Aupwr ihMdU awqvfd df kMtrol hY. afjLfd mIzIey
rfhIN isWK kOm nMU afpxI pRBfvsLflI idWK
pysL krn leI Kflsqfn dI loV hY.
*-aYmnYstI ieMtrnYsLnl aqy hor mnuwKI aiDkfr
sMsQfvF nMU pMjfb dI qrfsdI hflq qoN jfxU hox qoN rokx
leI, ihMdU awqvfdI hkUmq ny rok lgf ky rwKI hoeI hY. ihMdU awqvfd dIaF
gYr mnuwKI krqUqF nMU Kuwlm Kuwlf jwg jfhr
krn leI Kflsqfn dI loV hY.
*-byshfrf kmjLor grIb lokF dI mdd krn dI jgf,
dMgy Psfd krvf ky mrvf dyxf, iPr AuhnF dI mdd leI
agrfhIaF krnIaF, Auh vI BirsLt
ihMdUsqfnI lIzrF ny hVHp kr jfxIaF. aYsy BirsLt ihMdUsqfnI isstm qoN isWK kOm nMU bcfAux leI Kflsqfn dI loV
hY.
*-agr gurDfmF Aupwr ihMdU awqvfd hmlf kry qF
dysL BgqI. jy bfbrI msijd Aupwr ihMdU awqvfd hmlf kry
qF dysL BgqI. pr jy Drimk asQfnF dI pivqwrqf leI isWK DrmI POjI mYdfn
ivWc af jfx qF dysL nfl gdfrI. ihMdU awqvfd
nMU hux dysL BgqI aqy dysL nfl gdfrI dy Prk nMU smJfAux leI Kflsqfn dI loV hY.
*-ihMdUsqfn aMdr ijLMnHF jLbr jLulm ihMdU awqvfd
ny isWKF Aupwr 1978 qoN lY ky awj qwk kIqf hY ieqnf
mUsilm hkUmq ny 250 sO sflF ivWc aqy aMgryjLF ny 100 sflF ivWc vI nhIN
kIqf sI. ihMdU awqvfd dy hor jLbr jLulm qoN
isWK kOm nMU bcfAux leI Kflsqfn dI loV hY.
*-aMgryjLF dy awqvfd qoN bcx leI lokF ny afjLfdI
dI loV mihsUs kIqI sI hux ihMdU awqvfd qoN bcx leI
isWKF nMU Kflsqfn dI loV hY.
*-ihMdU awqvfd dI dihsLq dy kfrn Bfrq ivWc koeI
zfktr iksy isWK dy tfrcr dy insLfnF dI irport dyx nMU
iqafr nhIN. ihMdU awqvfd dI dihsLq qoN lokF nMU afjLfd krfAux leI
Kflsqfn dI loV hY.
*-afjLfd Bfrq ivWc AuWT rhI ihMdU rfsLtr dI aqy
rfm rfj dI mMg AuWqy koeI pfbMdI nhIN hY pr isWK kOm
vwloN vwD aiDkfrF dI jF isWK hwkF dI gwl krn AuWqy mukml qOr ‘qy pfbMdI
hY. isWK kOm nMU vwD aiDkfr jF afpxy hwk
ihMdUsqfnIaF nfl rih ky nhIN pRfpq ho skdy ies leI isWK kOm nMU afpxy hwkF dI
rfKI leI Kflsqfn dI loV hY.
*-ihMdU awqvfdIaF dy iksy vI qrHF dy smfgmF
Aupwr jF BrvyN iekTF Aupwr dPf 144 lfgU nhIN hMudI pr ieh dPf isWKF Aupwr lfgU hY. ihMdU awqvfd dIaF
aijhIaF dPf aqy aijhy kfly kfnMUn hI sfnMU ihMdU-isWK eykqf qoN qoV rhy hn, ijs kfrn isWK kOm nMU Kflsqfn dI
loV hY.
*-ijLMnF icr isWK kOm DoqI topI dI rwiKaf leI
mrdI rhy Auqnf icr isWK dysL Bgq, agr isWK afpxI axK
iejLq pgVI dI rwiKaf leI KVo jfx qF dysL dy gdfr. hux sfnMU ihMdUsqfn dI
dysL BgqI aqy gdfrI nfloN isrP qy isrP isWK
kOm dI afjLfdI nfl vPfdfrI muwK hY, ies vPfdfrI leI Kflsqfn dI loV hY.
*-ihMdUsqfnI bRfhmx ihMdU cfxkIaf nIqI rfhIN
ihMdU awqvfdI rfj ivWc, isWK kOm dy gurU GrF dy pRbMDkI ZFcy nMU akfl qKq sfihb dI agvfeI hyT dunIaF pDr ‘qy
kdy vI lfgU nhIN kIqf jf skdf. ies pRbMDkI ZFcy nMU
iek sfr lfgU krn leI Kflsqfn dI loV hY.
*-ihMdI ihMdU ihMdUsqfnI awqvfdI rfj dy pRBfv
hyT pMjfbI (gurmuwKI) jLbfn kdy vI pRwPulq nhIN ho skdI. mfiKAuN imTI ies jLbfn nMU pRwPulq krn leI Kflsqfn dI loV hY.
*-ihMdU awqvfd dI dihsLq dy rfj ivWc, isWK kOm
cMgf lIzr nhIN sMBfl pfeygI, ikAuNik cMgy lIzr sMq jrnYl
isMG-BfeI amrIk isMG-jnrl subyg isMG, vrigaF ‘qy jMUn 1984 vrgy ihMdU awqvfd dy
hmly krky sfrI kOm aMdr zr pYdf kIqf jFdf
rhygf. jF iPr jQydfr gurdyv isMG kfAuNky vrigaF ‘qy
axmnuwKI qwsLdd krky JUTy puils mukfblyaF rfhIN jfnoN mfr ky diraf ‘c
suwt ky mCIaF dI Kurfk bxf idWqf jFdf rhygf.
jF iPr jQydfr jgdyv isMG KuzIaF aqy hrimMdr isMG sMDU vFg zf:sohx isMG srkfrI pMQk kmytI koloN Brf mfrU jMg rfhIN Kqm krf idWqf
jFdf rhygf. jF iPr sqvMq isMG-ikhr isMG-hrijMdr isMG ijMdf suKdyv isMG suwKf vFg PFsIaF ‘qy ltkf idWqf jFdf rhygf. jF iPr bfbf
gurbcn isMG mfnocfhl-gurjMt isMG buwD isMG vflf-gurjMt
isMG rfjsDfnI-BfeI gurjIq isMG, vFg JUTy puils mukfbilaF ‘c sLhId kIqf jFdf
rhygf. jF igafn isMG lIlF-jgqfr isMG
hvfrf-prmjIq isMG iBAUrf, vFg lMmy smyN leI jylHF ‘c bMd kr idWqf jFdf rhygf. isWK kOm dy cMgy lIzrF dI ihPfjLq leI
Kflsqfn dI loV hY.
*-ihMdUsqfn ‘c rih ky, ihMdU awqvfd qoN isWK kOm
nMU lwgI CUwq dI ibmfrI jfq pfq aqy dhyj vrgIaF Kqrnfk
smfjk ibmfrIaF qoN Cutkfrf nhIN iml skdf. isWK kOm ‘coN smfjk ibmfrIaF
(kurIqIaF) nMU dUr krn leI Kflsqfn dI loV
hY.
*-ihMdUsqfn ‘c ihMdU awqvfd, isWKF nMU kysfDfrI
ihMdU afK ky, isWKF nMU ihMdUaf df iek aMg hI afK ky jLlIl kr irhf hY, iesy jLlIlqf dy kfrn hI Auh ihMdUsqfn
dy aMdr isWK kOm df vwKrf anMd mYirj aYkt lfgU nhIN
kr irhf. isWKI nMU bcfAux vfly-isWK aYkt-isrP isWK rfj ivWc hI lfgU ho skdy hn,
ihMdU awqvfdI rfj ivWc nhIN. isWKI dI hoNd
nMU bcfAux leI Kflsqfn dI loV hY.
*-ihMdU awqvfd nMU, isWK kOm df-vwKrf px-inafrf
px, mMnjLUr nhIN. Auh ies nMU jldI qoN jldI hr hIly
Kqm kr dyxf cfhMudf hY. isWK kOm nMU afpxf-vwKrf px ‘qy inafrf px bcfAux
leI Kflsqfn dI loV hY. ihMdU awqvfd vwloN
isWK kOm ‘qy kIqy jFdy jLbr jLulm dy iKlfP aqy Kflsqfn dI pRfpqI leI, hr isWK afpxI smrQf anusfr mOjUdf iswK sMGrsL ivWc Xogdfn
jLrUr pfvy. afAu gurU ipafirA-pMQk drdIA, iek muwT
irh ky-sInf qfx ky, ihMdU bRfhmx awqvfd df zwt ky mukfblf krdy hoey mMUh qoV
jvfb dyeIey aqy afpxy svYmfx nMU Tys nf lwgx
dyeIey.
pMQ df
syvfdfr
510-774-909
Kflsqfn
ijMLdfbfd
prmjIq
isMG syKoN (dfKf)
pRDfn, dl
Kflsf alfieSs
azvfiejLr,
kONsl afP Kflsqfn
pRYs
sYktrI, by eyrIaf iswK alfieSs
PfAUNzr,
ieMtrnYsLnl iswK sfihq sBf
mYNbr, df
iswK aYjUkysLnl trst kYnyzf
mYNbr,
vrlz iswK kONsl ihAUmn rfiets ivMg
kOafrzInytr,
ieMtrnYsLnl iswK siBafcfr susfietI
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