zf:sohx isMhu KflsqfnI sMGrsL df mujrm
zf:sohx isMhu KflsqfnI sMGrsL df mujrm
kYlyPornIaf dy
gurduafiraF aqy storF ‘qy afAuNdy hPqfvrI qkrIbn 15 aKbfrF ‘coN kuwJ ku aKbfrF
ivWc 7 nvbMr 2012 nMU iksy sLrfrqI ansr ny afpxf nfm guwpq rwK ky, srkfrI pMQk
kmytI zf:sohx isMhu nMU KflsqfnI lihr df idmfg iswD krn dI koJI ‘qy hoCI
koisLsL kIqI ijs df dl Kflsf alfieSs sKq sLbdF ivWc ivroD krdf hoieaf ieh aYlfn
krdf hY ik zf:sohx isMhu KflsqfnI lihr df idmfg nhIN blik KflsqfnI lihr df
mujrm hY. isrdfr ismrnjIq isMG mfn
aqy zf:gurmIq isMG aOlK ny jo afpxy ivcfr zf:sohx isMhu dI mOq ‘qy pRgtfey hn,
dl Kflsf alfieSs AuhnF ivcfrF dI pRoVqf krdf hY.
*ihMdUaF
dy Gr ‘c jMnimaf, ihMdUaf df lfzlf (nfnk cMd). nfnk cMd qoN bixaf isWKF df
aKOqI lIzr (mfstr qfrf isMhu) jo ik 1947 ivWc isWK kOm nMU iml rhI afjLfdI dy
srvnfsL df muwK dosLI hY, zf: sohx isMhu Aus df slfhkfr irhf hY. sMn 1947 ‘c
isWK kOm dI afjLfdI dy ivroDI, aKOqI isWK lIzr mfstr qfrf isMG df, Dfrimk ‘qy
isafsI slfhkfr zf: sohx isMhu KflsqfnI lihr df idmfg nhIN ho skdf ?
*KflsqfnI
lihr dy pqx dy muwK dosLI srkfrI pMQk kmytI aqy BfrqI eyjMsIaF dy QMm zf:sohx isMhu,
KflsqfnI lihr nMU jVHoN hI Kqm krn dy supinaF nMU mn ivWc hI lY ky hmysLF leI
awKF bMd kr igaf. KflsqfnI lihr dy pqx df muwK dosLI zf: sohx isMhu KflsqfnI lihr
df idmfg nhIN ho skdf ?
*KflsqfnI
sMGrsL dIaF pMQk sPF aMdr, zf:sohx isMhu BfrqI srkfrI eyjMsIaF dI pMQk kmytI dy
muwKI vwjoN jfxy jFdy sn. srkfrI pMQk kmytI df srkfrI muwKI zf:sohx isMhu
KflsqfnI lihr df idmfg nhIN ho skdf ?
*zf:sohx
isMhu nMU KflsqfnI sPF aMdr srkfrI ttU dy qOr ‘qy dyiKaf jFdf sI aqy ies nMU
Kflsqfn ivroDI qfkqF df hwQ Tokf vI ikhf jFdf sI ies leI zf: sohx isMhu KflsqfnI
lihr df idmfg nhIN ho skdf ?
*zf:sohx
isMhu, sMq jrnYl isMG jI nMU afpxI ivcfrDfrf ivWc rMgx df Xqn krdf irhf pr Auh
afpxy imsLn ivWc sPl nhIN ho sikaf. (sPl ies leI nhIN ho sikaf-ikAuNik ieh Xqn
BfrqI eyjMsIaF dI ho skdI hY ijs nMU sMq jI anuBv kr gey hoxgy) sMq jrnYl isMG
jI dI ivcfrDfrf nMU bdlx dI koisLsL krn vflf zf:sohx isMhu BfrqI eyjMsIaF df
eyjMt qF ho skdf hY pr Auh KflsqfnI lihr df idmfg nhIN ho skdf ?
*26 jnvrI
1986 nMU dmdmI tksfl vwloN sdy gey srbwq Kflsf dy BfrI BrvyN iewkT ny vI mfstr
qfrf isMG dy slfhkfr zf:sohx isMhu nMU nyVy nhIN lgx idwqf. ies krky vI zf:sohx
isMhu KflsqfnI lihr df idmfg nhIN ho skdf
*26 jnvrI
1986 nMU srbwq Kflsy dy pMQk iewkT ny, pMQk kmytI bxfAux df aYlfn kIqf. srbwq
Kflsy vwloN sQfpq kIqI geI pMQk kmytI ‘qy BfrqI eyjMsIaF dy mohry zf:sohx isMhu
df pRCfvF vI nhIN pYx idwqf. ies krky vI zf:sohx isMhu KflsqfnI lihr df idmfg
nhIN ho skdf ?
*26 jnvrI
1986 nMU srbwq Kflsy dI ivcfrDfrf anusfr pMQk kmytI bxf ky Aus df jQydfr bfbf
gurbcn isMG mfnocfhl nMU Qfipaf igaf. bfbf mfnocfhl dI agvfeI hyT ies pMQk
kmytI ny 29 apRYl 1986 nMU akfl qKq sfihb qoN Kflsqfn df aYlfn kr idwqf. bfbf
mfnocfhl pMQk kmytI ny, srkfrI kTpuwqlI zf:sohx isMhu nMU Kflsqfn dy aYlfnnfmy
qoN kohF dUr rwiKaf ies leI zf: sohx isMhu KflsqfnI lihr df idmfg nhIN ho skdf
?
*bfbf
mfnocfhl pMQk kmytI vwloN jfrI kIqy gey Kflsqfn dy aYlfn nfmy nMU (corI
krky-agvf krky) zf:sohx isMhu srkfrI pMQk kmytI afpxy hI nfm Qwly aKbfrF ‘c Cfp
ky KflsqfnI sMGrsL nMU gumrfh krdI rhI hY. lONgovfl vFg kOm nMU gumrfh krn vflf
zf:sohx isMhu KflsqfnI lihr df idmfg nhIN ho skdf ?
*pMQk
kmytI bfbf gurbcn isMG mfnocfhl ny pRdysF ivwc Kflsqfn dI lihr nMU clfAux leI 7
akqUbr 1987 nMU kONsl afP Kflsqfn dI sQfpnf krky Aus df pRDfn zf:gurmIq isMG
aOlK nMU Qfipaf pr ies kONsl qoN vI bfbf mfnocfhl ny nfnk cMd AurP mfstr qfrf
isMhu dy slfhkfr zf:sohx isMhu nMU dUr hI rwiKaf. ies leI zf: sohx isMhu KflsqfnI
lihr df idmfg nhIN ho skdf ?
*BfrqI
eyjMsIaF aqy iswK ivroDI qfkqF jdoN afpxy eyjMt zf:sohx isMhu dI, isWK kOm dIaf
pMQk sPF ivWc GuspYT krfAux ivWc sPl nf ho skIaF qF AuhnF ny pfVo ‘qy rfj kro
dI cfxkIaf nIqI rfhIN, 1987 ‘c srkfrI pMQk kmytI df aYlfn krky Aus df zf:sohx
isMhu nMU muwKIaf Qfp idwqf. srkfrI pMQk kmytI df srkfrI muwKIaf zf:sohx isMhu
KflsqfnI lihr df idmfg nhIN ho skdf ?
*jMUn 1984
qoN bfad, 26 jnvrI 1986 nMU srbwq Kflsf dy PYNsly ny akfl qKq sfihb nMU nvyN
isry qoN dubfrf bxfAux dI ijMLmyvfrI dmdmI tksfl nMU sONpI iPr dmdmI tksfl ny
isWK kOm nMU apIl kIqI ik akfl qKq sfihb dI AusfrI leI sMgqF afpxf dsvMd ieQy
Byjx qF ies apIl df pMQk kmytI zf:sohx isMhu ny srkfrI soc muqfibk ieh kih ky
ivroD kIqf ik sMgqF ieWk iblzMg dI AusfrI leI nhIN blik sfnMU hiQafr KrIdx leI
sfQ dyx. akfl qKq sfihb dI AusfrI df ivroD krn vflf srkfrI pMQk kmytI df srkfrI
muwKIaf zf:sohx isMhu KflsqfnI lihr df idmfg nhIN ho skdf ?
*BfrqI
eyjMsIaF dy pRdysF ivwc Kflsqfn ivroDI mnsUibaF nMU sPl bxfAux leI, srkfrI pMQk
kmytI zf:sohx isMG ny nfnk cMd qoN bxy mfstr qfrf isMG dy vfrs aqy afpxy mqbMny
puwqr rfa eyjMt, zf:AurP vYd, hkIm, phfVIey bRfhmx qoN bxy aKOqI zf:amrjIq
isMhu nMU kONsl afP Kflsqfn df dPqr bMd krvfAux leI Aus dy brfbr srkfrI Kflsqfn
aPyarjL sYNtr Kol ky idwqf, ijs nfl BfrqI eyjMsIaF dy mnsUby sfkfr hoey. kONsl
afP Kflsqfn df dPqr bMd krvfAux vflf zf:sohx isMhu KflsqfnI lihr df idmfg nhIN
ho skdf ?
*sMn 1990
‘c ihMdosqfn dy pRDfn mMqrI cMdr sLyKr vwloN KflsqfnI lihr dI muwK qfkq pMQk
kmytI bfbf gurbcn isMG mfnocfhl nMU gwlHbfq dI kIqI pysLksL nMU, srkfrI pMQk
kmytI zf:sohx isMhu ny qfrpIzo krky nypry nf cVHn idwqf. ihMdosqfn aqy Kflsqfn
dy lIzrF drimafn sLurU hox vflI pihlI ieiqhfsk gwlHbfq nMU qfrpIzo krn vfly,
gdfr zf:sohx isMhu nMU KflsqfnI lihr df idmfg nhIN minMaf jf skdf ?
*pMQk
kmytI bfbf gurbcn isMG mfnocfhl 1992 ivWc hoeIaF ivDfn sBf coxF lVn dy hfmI sn
ik coxF ijwq ky bhumq hFsl krky afpxI srkfr bxf ky, Kflsqfn df mqf pfs kr idwqf
jfvygf aqy XU aYn A nMU isDI dKl aMdfjLI krky Kflsqfn nMU afjLfd krvfAux leI
bynqI kIqI jfvygI. pr srkfrI pMQk kmytI zf:sohx isMhu ny coxF df ivroD krky aqy
Kflsqfn ivroDI kFgrs dy hwQ Toky byaMqy dy hwQF ‘c qfkq dy ky jo Gfx pIV isWK
kOm df krvfieaf Aus df ihsfb ikqfb krnf ajy bfkI hY. votF ‘c pMQk soc df ivroD
krn vfly aqy pMQ ivroDI soc df sfQ dyx vfly gdfr zf:sohx isMhu nMU KflsqfnI
lihr df idmfg nhIN mMinaf jf skdf ?
*pMQk
kmytI bfbf gurbcn isMG mfnocfhl dI agvfeI hyT 1992 ivWc coxF lVn vfly Aus dy
qkrIbn 27 njLdIkIaF nMU, srkfrI soc muqfbk, pMQk kmytI zf:sohx isMhu ny Brf
mfrU jMg rfhIN ies krky sLhId kIqf ik Auh bhumq nfl ijwq hFsl krky srkfr bxf ky
Kflsqfn df aYlfn nf kr dyx. bfbf mfnocfhl dy qkrIbn 27 njLdIkIaF df kfql, pMQk
kmytI zf:sohx isMhu KflsqfnI lihr df idmfg nhIN ho skdf ?
*bfbf
gurbcn isMG mfnocfhl nMU pMQ df gdfr kihx vfly, srkfrI pMQk kmytI zf:sohx isMhu
Kuwd gdfrIaF dy ruwqibaF df anMd mfxdf hoieaf miraf hY. aYsy ivakqI nMU
KflsqfnI lihr df idmfg nhIN mMinaf jf skdf ?
*jMUn 1984
qoN bfad KflsqfnI sMGrsL df nfs mfrn leI, pRdysF ivWc srkfrI ansr Buwlr afieaf
jo afpxI izAUtI inBf ky vfps cMzIgVH muhflI clf igaf. TIk Ausy qrHF KflsqfnI
sMGrsL df nfs mfrn leI, srkfrI ansr zf:sohx isMhu vI afpxI srkfrI izAUtI inBf
ky vfps cMzIgVH muhflI clf igaf. hux ienHF dohF dI QF ‘qy KflsqfnI sMGrsL df
nfs mfrn leI, pRdysF ivWc phfVIaf bRfhmx AurP zf: AurP vYd amrjIq isMhu ivcr
irhf hY. srkfrI eyjMsIaF dI soc muqfbk, phfVIey bRfhmx nMU pMQk burkf puaf ky
Aus nMU zf:amrjIq isMhu df nfm dy ky, Aus dI KflsqfnI sMGrsL ivWc GuspYT
krvfAux vflf, zf:sohx isMhu KflsqfnI lihr df idmfg nhIN ho skdf ?
*jMUn 1984
qoN bfad pMjfb Kflsqfn dI DrqI ‘qy mIzIey vwloN KflsqfnIaF dy hwk ‘c iml rhI
hmdrdI nMU qoVn leI, srkfrI eyjMsIaF ny afpxI srkfrI pMQk kmytI zf:sohx isMhu
rfhIN aKbfrF dy hfkrF cfkrF nMU mfrnf sLurU kr idwqf ijs nfl mIzIey dI hmdrdI
KflsqfnI ivcfrDfrf qoN dUr ho geI. aKbfrF dy hfkrF cfkrF nMU mfrn vflI pMQk
kmytI zf:sohx isMhu nMU KflsqfnI lihr df idmfg nhIN mMinaf jf skdf ?
*ihMd
srkfrI eyjMsIaF ny afpxy, hWQ Toky, mohry, QMm, GUspYTIey, srkfrI mulfjLm, cor,
jI hjUrIey, jr KrId, ttU, zogry, kYt, tfAUt, muKbr, eyjMt, kTpuwqlI, inrdoisLaF
bydoisLaF dy kfql, Brf mfrU jMg dy jrnYl aqy kUkf lihr dy bfnI bfbf rfm isMG dy
gVveI AurP zf:sohx isMhu pMQk kmytI rfhIN, KflsqfnI sMGrsL df hr pwKoN vwzI
pDwr qy nuksfn krky, iek zrfmy qihq inpfl qoN igRPqfr krky ies nMU tfAUtI qoN irtfierz
krky Gr ibTf idwqf. zrfmy qihq Gr prqx vflf zf:sohx isMhu KflsqfnI lihr df
idmfg nhIN ho skdf ?
*ihMd
srkfrI eyjMsIaF ny afpxy jr KrId zf:sohx isMhu nMU 1995 qoN bfad pMjfb Kflsqfn
dI DrqI ‘qy mfstr qfrf isMhu vFg isWKF df Dfrimk ‘qy isafsI lIzr bxfAux dI prK
kIqI pr eyjMsIaF afpxy mnsUibaF ‘c sPl nf ho skIaF. hux eyjMsIaF afpxy hor
eyjMtF dy pr qol rhIaF hn. srkfrI eyjMsIaF dy iesLfry ‘qy zf:sohx isMhu jo ik
isWKF df isafsI lIzr bxn ‘c vI asPl irhf Auh KflsqfnI lihr df idmfg nhIN ho
skdf ?
*srkfrI qfxy
bfxy anusfr, srkfr ny afpxy jI hjLUrIey zf:sohx isMhu rfhIN sMn 2000 qoN bfad
afpxy hor aKOqI pMQk eyjMtF dy qfl myl rfhIN KflsqfnI lihr dI bwcI KuwcI soc df
srbnfsL krn dI cfl clI sI pr eyjMsIaF afpxy mnsUibaF ‘c sPl nf ho skIaF. srkfr
df jI hjLUrIaf zf:sohx isMhu KflsqfnI lihr df idmfg nhIN ho skdf ?
*Kflsqfn
dy sMGrsL qoN BgOVy kuwJ aKOqI pMQk srkfrI eyjMt, zf:sohx isMhu nfl bIqy plF
nMU ies qrF sFBx dI koiCsL ‘c ruwJy hoey hn ijvyN ienHF ny idwlI Pqih kIqI
hovy. ijhVy lok zf:sohx isMhu nfl bIqy plF nMU sFBx ‘c lgy hoey hn AuhnF dIaF
vI BfrqI KuPIaf eyjMsI dI pMjfb sLfKf dy cIP nfl imlxIaF ikqy nf ikqy sFbIaF
peIaF hn. srkfr afpxy srkfrI ansrF rfhIN, afpxy mulfjLm - pMQk kmytI zf:sohx
isMhu nMU pMQk iswD krn ‘c lgI hoeI hY. ies leI srkfrI mulfjLm zf:sohx isMhu
iksy vI pwK qoN KflsqfnI lihr df idmfg nhIN ho skdf ?
*pMQk
rvfieqF anusfr, srbwq Kflsy vwloN QfpI hoeI pMQk kmytI bfbf gurbcn isMG
mfnocfhl rfhIN clfey jf rhy KflsqfnI sMGrsL nMU qfrpIzo krn leI, srkfrI
eyjMsIaF ny 1987 ‘c zf:sohx isMhu pMQk kmytI hoNd ‘c ilaFdI sI. ies leI
eyjMsIaF dI sih ‘qy KflsqfnI sMGrsL ‘c zf:sohx isMhu dI srkfrI GuspYT nMU
KflsqfnI lihr df idmfg nhIN mMinaf jf skdf ?
*sXuMkq
akflI dl dy jrnYl aqy sMq jrnYl isMG jI dy siqkfr Xog ipqf jI - bfbf juigMdr
isMG vwloN QfpI hoeI pRjIzIam dy syvfdfrF dy kql, srkfr ny apxI QfpI hoeI
zf:sohx isMG pMQk kmytI rfhIN krvfey, ijMLnHF ‘c cmkOr isMG rozy, suKvMq isMG
akFvflI, jgivMdr isMG iklfrfiepur, guirMdr isMG Bolf afid. ienHF kqlF rfhIN Brf
mfrU jMg df jrnYl pMQk kmytI zf:sohx isMhu KflsqfnI lihr df idmfg nhIN ho skdf
?
*sMn 1984
qoN bfad pMjfb ‘c ipMz pwDr qoN KflsqfnI sMGrsL df muwZ bMnx vfly aqy Kflsf
pMcfieqF dI sQfpnf krn vfly isrdfr hrimMdr isMG sMDU df kql vI srkfrI soc
muqfbk zf:sohx isMG pMQk kmytI ny ies leI kIqf ik ieh ivakqI pMjfb ivWc muV
KflsqfnI sP bMdI nMU mjLbUq nf kr sky. KflsqfnI soc ‘c rMgy hoey, isWKI soc dy
mfilk BfeI sMDU dy kfql srkfrI pMQk kmytI zf:sohx isMhu nMU KflsqfnI lihr df
idmfg nhIN mMinaf jf skdf ?
*pMjfb
Kflsqfn dI DrqI ‘qy ieWk iPrky dy byksUr aqy inhQy lokF nMU bsF coN kwZ kwZ ky
srkfrI soc muqfbk pMQk kmytI zf:sohx isMh ny kql ies leI kIqf qF ik lok
KflsqfnIaF nMU nPrq krn lg pYx aqy KflsqfnI lihr Pyl ho jfvy. byksUry ieWk iPrky dy lokF nMU bsF coN
kwZ kwZ ky kql krn vflI srkfrI
pMQk kmytI zf:sohx isMhu nMU KflsqfnI lihr df idmfg nhIN mMinaf jf skdf ?
*ieWk pMQk
kmytI bfbf gurbcn isMG mfnocfhl dy hMuidaF dUsrI pMQk kmytI bxfAux vflf, ieWk
PYzrysLn dy hMuidaF dUsrI PYzrysLn bxfAux vflf, ieWk Kflsqfn kmFzo Pors dy
hMuidaF dUsrI kmFzo Pors bxfAux vflf, ieWk iBMzrFvflf tfiegr Pors dy hMuidaF
dUsrI iBMzrFvflf tfiegr Pors bxfAux vflf, ieWk kONsl afP Kflsqfn df dPqr
huMidaF Aus dy brfbr dUsrf dPqr Kolx vflf, ieWk ieMtrnYsLnl isWK XUQ PYzrysLn
dy hMuidaF dUsrI ieMtrnYsLnl isWK XUQ PYzrysLn bxfAux vflf, pMQk kmytI zf:sohx
isMhu KflsqfnI lihr df idmfg nhIN ho skdf ?
*ihMd
srkfr ivroD cl rhy KflsqfnI
sMGrsL nMU, smfj suDfr lihr ‘c bdlx vfly pMQk kmytI zf:sohx isMhu nMU KflsqfnI
lihr df idmfg nhIN mMinaf jf skdf ?
*smfj
suDfr lihr dy nfm ‘qy pMjfb Kflsqfn dI DrqI ‘qy lokF dy hfsy Kohx vfly srkfrI
pMQk kmytI zf:sohx isMhu nMU KflsqfnI lihr df idmfg nhIN mMinaf jf skdf ?
*zf:sohx
isMhu pMQk kmytI dy Cwl kpt ivWc Ps ky ijhVy pMQk juJfrU vIrF ny kOmI syvf ivWc
pYr rwiKaf Auh qkrIbn sfry hI jF qF sLhIdIaF pRfpq kr gey jF iksy zrfmy qihq
igRPqfr krf idwqy gey ijnHF nMU bfad ivWc JUTy mukfbilaF rfhIN sLhId kr idwqf
igaf hY pr ies pMQk kmytI dy iksy vI mYNbr dy JrIt qwk nhIN afeI. aYsI pMQk
kmytI dy afgU zf:sohx isMhu nMU KflsqfnI lihr df idmfg nhIN mMinaf jf skdf ?
*phfVIey
bRfhmx AurP vYd amrjIq isMhu bfry AuTy svflF dy jvfb, pMQk kmytI zf:sohx isMhu
awj qwk nhIN dy skI ies leI pMQk kmytI zf:sohx isMhu nMU KflsqfnI lihr df idmfg
nhIN mMinaf jf skdf ?
*zf:sohx
isMG aqy Aus df mqbMnf puwqr phfVIaf bRfhmx, zf:AurP vYd amrjIq isMhu (rfa
eyjMt) pMQ dI kichrI ivWc nMgy ho gey hn aqy ienHF dy hor aKOqI zf: sfQI vI
CyqI hI pMQ dI kichrI ‘c nMgy hox dI AumId hY. ienHF sfry ivcfrF dI rOsLnI ‘c
srkfrI pMQk kmytI dy zf:sohx isMG nMU KflsqfnI lihr df idmfg nhIN blik KflsqfnI
sMGrsL ‘c KflsqfnI lihr df mujrm mMinaf jf skdf hY ies qoN Gwt kuwJ nhIN.
nf mYN
ihMdosqfnI, nf mYN pfksqfnI, mYN hF KflsqfnI
pMQ df
syvfdfr
510-774-909
Kflsqfn
ijMLdfbfd
prmjIq
isMG syKoN (dfKf)
pRDfn, dl
Kflsf alfieSs
azvfiejLr,
kONsl afP Kflsqfn
pRYs
sYktrI, by eyrIaf iswK alfieSs
PfAUNzr,
ieMtrnYsLnl iswK sfihq sBf
mYNbr, df
iswK aYjUkysLnl trst kYnyzf
mYNbr,
vrlz iswK kONsl ihAUmn rfiets ivMg
kOafrzInytr,
ieMtrnYsLnl iswK siBafcfr susfietI
No comments:
Post a Comment