mfstr qfrf isMG aqy zf:amrjIq isMhu dIaF iswK pMQ nfl gdfrIaF.
zf:amrjIq isMhu nMU iksy vI pRkfr df sihXog dyxf
kOm dIaF jVHF ‘c qyl dyx dy smfn hY.
mfstr qfrf isMG aqy
zf:amrjIq isMhu dIaF iswK pMQ nfl gdfrIaF.
zf:amrjIq isMhu nMU
iksy vI pRkfr df sihXog dyxf
kOm dIaF jVHF ‘c
qyl dyx dy smfn hY.
*ihMdU
Grfxy aMdr, ipqf gopI cMd dy Gr pYdf ho ky nfnk cMd qoN bxy mfstr qfrf isMG dy
ihMdU moh ny iswK kOm nMU 1947 c ihMdU glfmI dy sMglF c nUiVaf.
*aKOqI
zf:amrjIq isMhu, iks ihMdU Grfxy aMdr qy iks ipqf dy Gr pYdf hoieaf, ies vfry
iswK kOm nMU koeI jfxkfrI nhIN hY. jfxkfrI hFsl krn vfilaF nMU zf:amrjIq isMhu
vwloN afpxy sfQIaF rfhIN jfno mfrn dIaF DmkIaF idwqIaF jFdIaF hn?
*nfnk cMd
AurP mfstr qfrf isMG 1885 eI: ivwc mgrbI(pMjfb)hrIafl ielfkf pTohr ivwc pYdf
hoieaf. ipqf gopI cMd ny ies bflk df nfm nfnk cMd rwiKaf jo ik ihMdU sMskfrF
ivwc jMimaf, ihMdU sMskfrF ivwc pilaf qy ihMdU sMskfrF ivwc Kyzdf hoieaf jvfn
hoieaf, jvfn hox qy ieh nfnk cMd,(AurP)mfstr qfrf isMG bixaf.
*zf:amrjIq
isMhu, kdoN ikwQy qy iks ielfky ivwc pYdf hoieaf aqy ikvyN ihMdU puwqr qoN
zf:amrjIq isMhu qwk df sPr qih kr igaf ies dI koeI jfxkfrI nhIN hY?
*bfbf KVk
isMG pwky akflI aqy axKI guriswK sn. bfbf KVk isMG jI dI lIzrI nMU, gdfrF rfhIN
pry krky, nfnk cMd AurP mfstr qfrf isMG Kuwd iswKF df vfhd Tykydfr lIzr bx
igaf.
*TIk nfnk
cMd AurP mfstr qfrf isMG dI qrHF hI ihMdU puwqr zf:amrjIq isMhu vI, kwtV
KflsqfnI kONsl afP Kfilsqfn dy pRDfn zf:gurmIq isMG aOlK aqy sLRomxI akflI
dl(a)dy pRDfn sR:ismrnjIq isMG mfn dI lIzrisLp nMU pry krky iswKF df vfhd Tykydfr lIzr bxnf cfhMudf
hY. jo ik nfmumikn hY.
*nfnk cMd
AurP mfstr qfrf isMG dI izktytrI ny 68 sfl dI Aumr ivwc afpxy aKbfr pRBfq rfhIN
1953 ivwc iswKF dI rfjsI aqy Dfrimk ijMdgI qy BfrI swt mfridaF ikhf ik ihMdU
iewk drwKq hY aqy iswK ies dI iek ithxI hn.
*nfnk cMd
AurP mfstr qfrf isMG dI qrHF hI, zf:amrjIq isMhu dy siqkfr Xog mqbMny bfp zf:
sohx isMG ny Kfilsqfn dy nfary lgf ky iswK mfvF dy puwq mrvf ky, afp jY ihMd dy
nfary lgf ky Gr bYT igaf.
*1943 ivwc
sfbo kI qlvMzI (dmdmf sfihb) ivsfKI dy mOky byqfjbfdsLfh bfbf KVk isMG jI ny
bolidaF ikhf sI ik isMGo qusIN nfnkcMd AurP mfstr qfrf isMG nMU afpxf lIzr bxf
ilaf hY, tfiem afeygf quhfnMU pqf lgygf ik ieh nfnk cMd AurP mfstr qfrf isMG
kOx hY? ieh hux gFDI dy ipwCy ipwCy iPr irhf hY ijs ny gurU goibMd isMG jI nMU
BuwlV afgU afiKaf hY. nfnk cMd AurP mfstr qfrf isMG nMU gFDI dy ipwCy ipwCy
nhIN iPrnf cfhIdf blik Aus dy mMUh qy cpyVF mfrnIaF cfhIdIaF hn.
*bfbf KVk
isMG jI vFg zf:gurmIq isMG aOlK df vI ikhxf hY ik smF afeygf qy pqf lwg jfeygf
ik zf:amrjIq isMG kOx hY. pqf lwgx qy amrjIq dy smrQwk pCqfAuxgy ik asIN qF hux
qwk ies df sfQ pMQ dI syvf jfx ky, kOm dIaF jVHF c qyl hI idMdy rhy.
*nfnk cMd
AurP mfstr qfrf isMG rfvl ipMzI dy sfky vfry klwkqy gurduafry dI styj qy bYT ky
ro ro ky ibafn kr irhf sI, qF sMgqF ivwcoN isMG AuT ky grijaf, ik mfstr jI
iswKF dy lIzr bx ky roNdy ikAuN ho sLyr vFg grjo, asIN 20 dy 21 ivsvy pfvFgy.
*nfnk cMd
AurP mfstr qfrf isMG dI qrF hI zf:amrjIq isMhu cVHdI klf aKbfr ivwc ihMdU
awqvfd vfry ilwK ilwK ky aqy gurU GrF dIaF styjF qoN ihMdU awqvfd vfry bol bol
ky iswKF nMU zrfAux DmkfAux dI pflsI qy hI kMm kr irhf hY.
*nfnk cMd
AurP mfstr qfrf isMG nMU iswKF df hIro bxfAux leI, ieh gwl iswK pMQ ivroDIaF
vwloN aqy gdfrF vwloN PYlfeI geI
sI ik mfstr qfrf isMG ny lfhOr aMsYblI hfl Auqy cVH ky muslm lIg df JMzf
vwZ idwqf. jd ik nfnk cMd AurP mfstr qfrf isMG dy goizaF c drd rihMdf krky Auh
KVy ho ky qkrIr nhIN kr skdf sI, Auh qF hmysLF bYT ky hI qkrIr krdf sI iPr
aMsYblI hfl dI Cwq qy cVH ky ikvyN JMzf vwZ idwqf.
*nfnk cMd
AurP mfstr qfrf isMG dI qrF hI zf:amrjIq isMhu nMU KflsqfnIaF c hIro bxfAux leI
pihlF zfL sohx isMG srkfrI pMQk kmytI bxfeI geI iPr zf:amrjIq isMhu nMU pMQk
kmytI df spoksmYn bxfieaf igaf.
ihMd
srkfr ny ies srkfrI pMQk kmytI rfhIN, pMQk kmytI bfbf gurbcn isMG mfnocfhl nMU
Kqm krn (sLhId krn) AupRMq iswK jvfnI df rwj ky KUn pIx mgroN ies srkfrI pMQk
kmytI dIaF gqIivDIaF bMd kr ky zf:sohx isMG nMU Gr ibTf idwqf hY aqy zf: amrjIq
isMhu nMU aKOqI lIzr bxf ky amrIkf kYnyzf Byj idwqf hY, qF ik hux kONsl afP
Kflsqfn dy pRDfn zf:gurmIq isMG aOlK aqy Aus dy smrQkF nMU insLfnf bxfieaf jfvy.
vfisLMgtn zI sI ivcoN kONsl afP Kfilsqfn df dPqr bMd hox df muwK kfrn hI
zf:amrjIq isMhu hY.
*julfeI
1947, bfr dy ielfky df iewk iswK pRysLfnI dI hflq ivwc ipMz dy rfh qy KVHf sI,
iewk POjI dsqf Ausy rfh qoN lMiGaf ijs df aPsr iswK sI. ipMz dy iswK ny, POjI
iswK aPsr nMU bynqI kIqI asIN sfry mfry jfvFgy, sfzy kol afpxIaF jfnF qy iejqF
bcfAux leI kI hY ? POjI iswK aPsr boilaf, hux jf ky mfstr qfrfr isMG dI dfVI
puwto.
*KflsqfnI
sMGrsL ivwc zf:sohx isMG, srkfrI pMQk kmytI rfhIN, hoeI srkfrI GuspYT bfry iswK
aksr hI svfl krdy hn, ijs ny Kflsqfn ijMLdfbfd df nfarf lgf ky, mfvF dy puwq
sLhId krvf ky, afp jY ihMd dy nfary lgf ky, iswK sGMrsL nfl gdfrI kIqI hY Aus
vfry dwso? qF asIN iehI kihMdy hF ik ienHF gwlF dy jvfb zf:sohx isMG dy mqbMny
puwqr zf:amrjIq isMhu spoksmYn pMQk kmytI nMU puwCo aqy zf:sohx isMG pMQk kmytI
dy mYNbrF aqy Aus dy smrQkF qoN zf:amrjIq isMhu dy awgy iwpCy df vI pqf kIqf
jfvy.
*1941 ivwc
kUikaF dy gurU pRqfp isMG ny rfvlipMzI aqy luiDafxy ijlHy dy ipMz BYxI ivwc
qkrIbn iewk hjLfr gurU gRMQ sfihb dIaF bIVF nMU pqrf pqrf krky kUikaF ivwc vMz
idwqf. kUikaF dI ies kfrvfeI nfl iswKF c hfhfkfr mwc geI, smuwcI iswK kOm dy
josL ny Aubflf KfDf qF mOq dy zroN kUikaF dy pIr pRqfp isMG ny, iswKF dy aKOqI
lIzr nfnk cMd /mfstr qfrf isMG dy crn pkV ley aqy arjL kIqI ik sfnMU kUikaF nMU
bcfAu. sfzIaF dws lwK votF ny jo asIN quhfzI pfrtI nMU pfvFgy. ieh sOdf nfnk
cMd/mfstr qfrf isMG aqy kUikaF dy pIr ivwc ho igaf aqy nfnk cMd AurP mfstr qfrf
isMG ny afiKaf koeI pRvfh nf kro mYN afpy iswKF nMU sMBfl lvFgF. mfstr qfrf
isMG ny iswKF nMU sFq krn leI afiKaf ik kUikaF ny gurU gRMQ sfihb df pfT krn dI
ieh nvIN rIq clfeI hY.
*gurU gRMQ
sfihb jI dy pqiraF nMU kUky afpxy kiChiraF ivwc pf ky iPrdy rhy. luiDafxy ivwc
iswKF ny kuwJ kUikaF qoN ies qrHF dy pqry pRfpq kIqy jo ik aMimRqsr ivKy phuMc
ky iswKF dy aKOqI lIzr nfnk cMd/mfstr qfrf isMG nMU idKfey gey. pqry dyK ky
mfstr qfrf isMG ny AuhnF iswKF nMU ikhf ik qusIN afp hI ieh pqwry PfV ky lY
afey hovogy.
*nfnk cMd
AurP mfstr qfrf isMG, bldyv isMG, igafnI krqfr isMG, iqMn aKOqI lIzrF ny iswK
kOm dI vIto pfvr nMU jLIro bxf idwqf. 03 jMUn 1947 nMU jd ienHF ny iswK kOm nMU
pMjfb nMU do ihisaF rfhIN vMz ky pfksqfn qy ihMdosqfn nMU dy idwqf.
*ijvyN
nfnk cMd AurP mfstr qfrf isMG ny iswKF dI vIto pfvr nMU jLIro bxfieaf sI TIk
Ausy qrjL qy 1947 qoN bfad, jMUn 1984 c drbfr sfihb qy hoey ihMdUsqfnI hmly nfl
Kflsqfn dy sMGrsL nMU bl imilaf ies bl rfhIN srbq Kflsf hoieaf ijs ny bfbf
gurbcn isMG mfnocfhl pMQk kmytI nMU hoNd c ilaf ky Kflsqfn dy sMGrsL nMU agy
qoiraf. ies pMQk kmytI rfhIN Kflsqfn dy sMGrsL dI vIto pfvr nMU jLIro bxfAux
leI,ies pMQk kmytI dy brfbr ihMdU eyjMsIaF ny zf:sohx isMG pMQk kmytI nMU hoNd
c ilaf ky zf:amrjIq isMhu nMU ies df spoksmYn bxfieaf sI. jo awj kwl pRdysF c
Kfilsqfn dy sMGrsL dI vIto pfvr kONsl afP Kflsqfn dy pRDfn zf:gurmIq isMG aOlK
nMU jLIro krn leI pUrI qrF srgrm hY.
*nfnk cMd
AurP mfstr qfrf isMG ny sR:gurcrn isMG jrnilst nMU gwlF gwlF c ikhf sI ik mYN
ihMdU Kfndfn ivcoN afAux krky bhuq ijLafdf ihMdU asr Qwly irMhdf hF.
*nfnk cMd
AurP mfstr qfrf isMG nMU cfhIdf sI ik Auh aMgryjL hkUmq nMU afKdy ik qusIN
ieMzIaf nMU do ihisaF c vMz ky kFgrs aqy musilm lIg nMU dy rhy ho, sfnMU iswKF
nMU kI imilgf. asIN ieh do ihwisaF dI vMz nMU nhIN mMndy. lfrz mfAuNt bYtn
iswKF qoN eyho jvfb cfhMudf sI,ikAuNik vIto pfvr iqMnF pfrtIaF, iswKF,
muslmfnF, qy ihMdUaF kol brfbr sI. nfnk cMd AurP mfstr qfrf isMG ny, iswKF dI
vIto pfvr nMU iesqymfl nf krky, Kflsqfn nf pRfpq krky, iswK kOm nMU ihMdUaF dy
gulfm bxf ky iswK kOm nfl gdfrI kIqI. iswK kOm nfl ivsfhGfq kIqf.
*igafnI
krqfr isMG nMU julfeI 1947 ivwc hosL af geI sI pr Aus vkq sMBlx df smF jf cuwkf
sI. Aus nMU hosL afeI ik asIN afpxy hwQIN afpxI kbr puwt bYTy. igafnI krqfr
isMG 10 julfeI 1947 nMU pMjfb dy aMgryjL gvrnr jYnknjL kol phuMcy aqy ro ik
kihx lwgy, gvrnr jI sfnMU bcfAu, sfzf jfno mfl Kqry ivwc hY asIN ienHF nfl nhIN
rih skdy.gvrnr ny jvfb idwqf ik asIN quhfnMU iswKF nMU vIto pfvr brfbr idwqI sI
ijs rfhIN qusIN vI Kflsqfn lY skdy sI. pr ies vIto pfvr nMU nfnk cMd AurP mfstr
qfrf isMG, bldyv isMG, aqy Kuwd qusIN Tukrf idwqf sI. hux vIto pfvr vMzI jf
cuwkI hY ies leI mYN hux kuwJ nhIN kr skdf.
*nfnk cMd
AurP mfstr qfrf isMG ny gFDI aqy nihrU nMU afK idwqf sI ik iswKF dy idmfg dI
kuMjI myry pfs hY. mYN ny sB kuwJ ihMdUaF vfsqy hI krnf hY vkq afAux qy hI pqf
lwgygf ik mYN kOx hF.
*sRLo:akflI
dl (a) dy pRDfn sR:ismrnjIq isMG mfn dy siqkfr Xog ipqf jI sR:joigMdr isMG mfn
ny 1947 ivwc mfstr qfrf isMG nMU ikhf sI ik aMgryjL jf irhf hY mulk Cwz ky, Aus
nfl iswK rfj dI gwlbfq kro, afpF nMU iswK rfj iml irhf hY. qF nfnk cMd AurP
mfstr qfrf isMG ny sR:mfn sfihb jI nMU ikhf ik mYN sfrI gwl nihrU nfl muwkf
CwzI hY.
*mfstr
qfrf isMG 1947 c iswK rfj dI gwl ies leI nhIN sI kr irhf ikAuNik Aus ny nihrU
nfl iml ky iswK kOm nMU ikvyN ihMdUaF dy gulfm bxf ky rwKxf hY ieh gwlbfq qih
kIqI hoeI sI. TIk iesy qrF hI zf:sohx isMG pMQk kmytI df spoksmYn zf:amrjIq
isMhu awj kl pMQk kmytI dy nfm qy Kflsqfn dI gwlbfq iesy leI nhIN kr irhf
ikAuNik ihMdU eyjMsIaF ny aKOqI iswK zf:amrjIq isMhu rfhIN Kflsqfn dy sMGrsL
nMU Kqm krfAux dI gwlbfq muwkf CwzI hY.
*pfksqfn
qy ihMdusqfn bx gey. iswKF nfl ajLfd ihMdusqfn ivwc vDIkIaF df dOr sLurU ho
igaf qF sR:ismrnjIq isMG mfn dy siqkfr Xog ipqf jI sR:joigMdr isMG mfn ny nfnk
cMd AurP mfstr qfrf isMG nMU ikhf ik quhfnMU hux Aus kol jfxf cfhIdf hY ijs nfl
qusIN iswK kOm dI sfrI gwl muwkf CwzI hY.
*nfnk cMd
AurP mfstr qfrf isMG nMU sR:juigMdr isMG mfn ny kOzIAuN Kotf,DoKybfjL,gdfr,kOm
Gfqk,sfbq kIqf hY.
*mfstr
qfrf isMG dI qrF hI, zf:amrjIq isMhu nMU, kONsl afP Kflsqfn vfisLgtn zI sI ny,
gdfr, kOm Gfqk, rfa df eyjMt sfbq kIqf hY. zf:amrjIq isMG pMQ df gdfr hY ijs ny kONsl afP Kfilsqfn df
dPqr bMd krfAux leI hI, BfrqI eyjMsIaF dy iesLfiraF qy brfbr dPqr Koilaf hY.
amrjIq dI mdd krnI, iswK kOm dIaF jVHF ivwc qyl dyx dy smfn hY . ies leI iswK
kOm nMU ies qoN sfvDfn irhxf cfhIdf hY.
*nfnk cMd
AurP mfstr qfrf isMG 3 jMUn 1947 nMU vyhlf ho igaf iswKF dI vIto pfvr nMU jLIro
bxf ky.
*mfstr
qfrf isMG dI qrF hI, zf:amrjIq isMhu vyhlf ho igaf pMQk kmytI bfbf gurbcn isMG
mfnocfhl nMU Kqm krf ky qy hux ieh Kqm kfrAux leI ligaf hoieaf hY kONsl afP
Kflsqfn vfisLgMtn zI sI nMU aqy sLoR:a:dl aMimRqsr nMU.
*nfnk cMd
AurP mfstr qfrf isMG dy ipwCy lwg ky, bldyv isMG qy igafnI krqfr isMG ny awDI
iswK kOm muslm lIg dy rihm qy XqIm aqy inhwQI bxf ky sONp idwqI aOr awDI iswK
kOm ihMdUaF dy hvfly kr idwqI.
*nfnk cMd
AurP mfstr qfrf isMG qy bfkI do iswK lIzrF vwloN iswK rfj (Kflsqfn) nf lYx
Kfiqr aMgryjL srkfr nMU bVI hYrfnI hoeI.
*aMgryjL
srkfr vwloN 2 jMUn 1947 nMU iswK lIzrF (nfnk cMd AurP mfstr qfrf isMG) nMU
musilm lIg aqy kFgrs dy brfbr vIto pfvr dyx df mqlb sI ik ieh vI afpxf iswK rfj
(Kflsqfn) pRfpq kr lYx, ieh iswK lIzrF(mfstr qfrf isMG) dI qrPoN hoxf cfhIdf sI
jo AuhnF nhIN kIqf.
*aMgryjL
srkfr dy ipafdy myjLr sLOrt ny nfnk cMd/mfstr qfrf isMG dIaF bhuq imMnqF kIqIaF
ik qusIN iswK rfj lYx vfsqy mfAuNt bYtn nMU afKo, ikAuNik Auh iswK rfj dyx leI
iqafr hY pr nfnk cMd AurP mfstr qfrf isMG ny myjr sLOrt dI iewk gwl nf mMnI.
*nfnk cMd
AurP mfstr qfrf isMG vwloN iswK rfj nf lYxf ieh Aus dI glqI nhIN sI blik ieh qF
Aus ny jfx buwJ ky kIqf sI. ieh Aus ny ies leI kIqf ik Auh afpxy aMdroN ihMdU
moh mmqf df iqafg nhIN kr sikaf sI.
*mfstr
qfrf isMG afpxy aMdroN ihMdU moh mmqf df iqafg nhIN kr sikaf sI. TIk iesy qrF
zf:amrjIq isMhu vI afpxy aMdroN ihMdU moh mmqf df iqafg nhIN kr skdf, iesy leI
qF ieh vI afpxy nfnky dfdky qy suhry ikQy hn iksy nMU dsdf hI nhIN.
*1947 c
Bfrq dI vMz smyN BfrqI PojF ivwc BfrI igxqI iswKF dI sI, Aus vkq jy nfnk cMd
AurP mfstr qfrf isMG iswK rfj (Kflsqfn) pRfpq krdf qF iswK PojF iswK
rfj(Kflsqfn) dIaF POjF hoxIaF sn. ies qrF bixaf bxfieaf POjI isstm iswK
rfj(Kflsqfn) nMU pRfpq hoxf sI. pr nfnk cMd AurP mfstr qfrf isMG ny iswK
rfj(Kflsqfn) nf pRfpq krky iswK PojF nMU ihMdU rfj dIaF gulfm bxf idwqf.
*nfnk cMd
AurP mfstr qfrf isMG iswKF df lIzr hox dy bfvjUd ieh ikMhdf irhf hY ik Xfd
rwKIey hmfrI kOm ihMdU hY.
*nfnk
cMd/mfstr qfrf isMG kihMdf irhf hY ik ihMd df ihMdU klcr hY hor koeI nhIN.
*nfnk cMd
AurP mfstr qfrf isMG kihMdf hMudf sI ik ihMdUsqfn ihMdU mulk hY, ies myN rihMny
bfly boDI, jYnI aOr iswK sB ihMdU hYN.
*nfnk
cMd/mfstr qfrf isMG kihMdf irhf hY ik ihMdU iswK eyk hYN alg alg nhIN. *nfnk cMd AurP mfstr qfrf isMG iewk
pqwrkfr vI sI qy Aus dI klm ilwKdI rihMdI sI ik boDI,jYnI,iswK, aOr ihMdU eyk
kOm hYN, aOr eyk kOm bn kr hI rhyNgy.
*nfnk cMd
AurP mfstr qfrf isMG dI klm ilwKdI sI ik jy kr koeI sfihb, boDI,jYnI,iswK aOr
ihMdUAuN ko eyk Drm, eyk mfn myN qjLvIjL kr sky qo iXh ihMdU Drm kI bhuq BfrI
syvf hogI.
*iswK afp
hI smJ lYx ik nfnk cMd / mfstr qfrf isMG ivwc iswKI df jLjLbf kMm kr irhf sI jF
ihMdUpuxf df jjbf kMm kr irhf sI.
*nfnk cMd
AurP mfstr qfrf isMG ny 18 apRYl 1947 nMU mFAUtbYtn nMU imldf hY aqy pMjfb nMU
do ihisaF c qksIm dI mMg krdf hY.
*nfnk cMd
AurP mfstr qfrf isMG, mYN ihMdU iswKON kI eykqf ies lIey cfhqf hMU ikAuNik
ihMdU aOr iswK eyk hI kOm hY. ihMdU iswK buinafdI qOr pr eyk hI hY.
*nfnk
cMd/mfstr qfrf isMG,myrf ihMdU kOm sy KUn kf irsLqf hY vuh kBI tUt nhIN skqf.
*nfnk cMd
AurP mfstr qfrf isMG,ihMdU kOm sy myrf KUn hY ies lIey ihMdU kOm sy jo myrf myl
hY vuh kBI nhIN tut skdf.
*zf:amrjIq
isMhu df KUn vI ihMdU hI hY.
*ihMdU aqy
iswK eyk hYN.
*iswK
ihMdUAuN ky bgYr ijLMdf nhIN rih skdy.
*ihMdU kOm
ky sfQ hmfrf jnm mrn kf snbMD hY.
*mYN iswK
styt nhIN cfhqf.
*iswK styt
dI koeI loV nhIN qF iswK POj dI vI koeI loV nhIN.
*ihMdU
iewk drwKq hY aOr iswK ies(drwKq) dIaF tfhxIaF.
*zf:amrjIq
isMhu dy siqkfr Xog mqbMny ipqf zf:sohx isMG dy nfnk cMd AurP mfstr qfrf isMG
nfl gihry sbMD sn.
*zf:amrjIq
isMhu dy siqkfr Xog mqbMny bfp zf:sohx isMG polyitks ivwc nfnk cMd AurP mfstr qfrf
isMG nMU slfh idMdf irhf hY. jd mfstr qfrf isMG iswK rfj dI gwl nhIN krdf sI qF
Aus df slfhkfr zf:sohx isMG pMQk kmytI bxf ky ikvyN Kflsqfn dI pRfpqI dI gwl
krdf rih skdf hY.
*pMjfb
ivwc lVkIaF vfsqy vwzy kfljF df bxfey jfx df ivroD nfnk cMd AurP mfstr qfrf
isMG ny kIqf sI.
*nfnk cMd
AurP mfstr qfrf isMG huisLafrpur dy sLrmf joqsLI pfs aksr hI jFdf sI aqy Aus
qoN cMgy mfVy idn df mhUrq puwC ky hI kuwJ krdf sI.
*nfnk
cMd/mf: qfrf isMG styjF qoN aYlfn krdf irhf hY ik myrf insLfnf aMKz Bfrq hY.
*nfnk cMd
AurP mfstr qfrf isMG, iswK pMQ df vfsqf pf ky aqy iswKF nMU iensfP idvfAux dy
bhfny, iswKF df lIzr bixaf sI, ijs ny lIzr bx ik pMjfb dI sLkqI nMU do ihisaF c
vMz ky pMjfb dI aqy iswK kOm dI sLkqI nMU kmjLor kIqf.
*mfstr
qfrf isMG dI qrF hI, zf:amrjIq isMhu iswK kOm dy duKFq dIaF gwlF kr kr ky hI
iswK kOm dy awgy afieaf. ijs ny awgy af ky iswK kOm dI KflsqfnI soc aqy sLkqI
nMU Coty Coty bhuq ihisaF ivwc vMz ky bhuq kmjLor kIqf hY.
*nfnk cMd
AurP mfstr qfrf isMG kihMdf sI ik jy kr Bfrq srkfr vI mYnMU khy ik qUM hr rojL
jpjI sfihb df pfT kiraf kr qF vI mYN nhIN krFgf.
*nfnk cMd
AurP mfstr qfrf isMG ny isvl vfr afK ky pfksqfn bxn vfly ihsy ivwc iswKF dI
kqlo gfrq jorF qy krvfeI.
*mfstr
qfrf isMG dI qrF hI, zf:amrjIq isMhu vflI pMQk kmytI ny, pMjfb puils dy
mulfjLmF dy pirvfrF df kql krvf ky aqy rylF bsF c inrdosLy gYr iswKF nMU kwZ
kwZ ky mrvf ky, KflsqfnI sMGrsL df dusLmxF hwQoN Gfx pIV krfieaf.
*nfnk cMd
AurP mfstr qfrf isMG df kIqf hoieaf koeI vI PYNslf bldyv isMG qy igafnI krqfr
isMG nhIN myt skdy sn.
*aMgryjL
srkfr dy ipafdy mFAuNtI ny 3 jMUn 1947 nMU iswKF dy iqMn lIzrF(nfnk cMd AurP
mfstr qfrf isMG, bldyv isMG, igafnI krqfr isMG) nMU bulf ky smJfieaf ik Bfrq
pfksqfn dI vMz qoN nFh kr dyx aqy brfbr iswK rfj dI gwl krn. mFAuNtI vwloN
smJfAux dy bfvjUd vI iswK lIzrF ny nfnk cMd AurP mfstr qfrf isMG dI agvfeI hyT
iswK rfj lYx qoN nFh kr idwqI.
*nfnk cMd
AurP mfstr qfrf isMG ny 1947 ivwc iswK rfj qF kI lYxf sI Auh qF ajLfd Bfrq aMdr
vI iswK styt nhIN sI cfhMudf.
*mfstr
qfrf isMG dI qrF hI,zf:amrjIq isMhu dy siqkfr Xog mqbMny bfp zf:sohx isMG ny
pMQk kmytI bxf ky Kflsqfn dI pRfpqI qF kI krnI sI Auh qF pMjfb dI DrqI qy
Kflsqfn ijLMdfbfd dy nfary qoN vI Bwj igaf aqy jY ihMd ikhx lwg ipaf aqy
Kflsqfn bxfAux dIaF qjLvIjLF lY ky kYnyzf ivwc biVaf. zf:amrjIq isMhu,kYnyzf
ivwc PyzrysLn qy pfbMdI lgx qoN bfad Bwj ky amrIkf puMhc igaf. iek idn
zf:amrjIq isMhu nMU amrIkf qoN vI Bwjx leI mjLbUr hoxf pvygf.
*nfnk
cMd/mfstr qfrf isMG ny ajLfd Bfrq aMdr iswK styt df ivroD krky aMKz Bfrq df
nfarf idwqf sI.
*mfstr qfrf
isMG vFg hI, zf:amrjIq isMhu dy mqbMny bfp zf:sohx isMG ny Kflsqfn df ivroD
krky jY ihMd df nfarf idwqf.
*nfnk
cMd/mfstr qfrf isMG ny 1947 ivwc iml rhy iswK rfj qoN ienkfr krky sfrI iswK POj
sLkqI nihrU dy hvfly kr idwqI.
*ihMd
srkfr vwloN pMQk kmytI bfbf gurbcn isMG mfnocfhl nMU iswK rfj dy sbMD ivwc
gwlbfq krn leI af rhy sdf pwqrF df, zf:amrjIq isMhu dy mqbMny bfp zf:sohx isMG
ny pMQk kmytI rfhIN ivroD krky Kflsqfn dI pRfpqI dy sMGrsL df nfs mfr idwqf.
*nfnk cMd
AurP mfstr qfrf isMG ny 1947 c Kflsf pMQ dI BivwKq df mflk ijnfh aqy nihrU nMU
bxf idwqf.
*Bfrq qy
pfksqfn dI vMz smyN mFAUt bYtn ny bldyv isMG nMU afiKaf ik nfnk cMd AurP mfstr
qfrf isMG nMU afKo ik muslmfn ielfky ivwc iswKF dIaF jfnF bcfAux dI Kfqr
musilmlIg dy lIzrF nfl gwlbfq kry. qF bldyv isG ny jvfb idwqf ik nfnk cMd AurP
mfstr qfrf isMG nMU muslmfnF qoN afpxI jfn df Kqrf hY ies leI Auh gwlbfq krn
nMU iblkul iqafr nhIN.
*nfnk cMd
AurP mfstr qfrf isMG ihMdUsqfn qy pfksqfn dI vMz dI gwl qF krdf sI pr iswK rfj
dI gwl nhIN sI krdf.
*nfnk cMd
AurP mfstr qfrf isMG ihMdUsqfn dI ajLfdI qoN pihlF lfrz vyvl nMU ilwKdf hY ik
idwlI gOrimMt ivwc, iswKF ivcoN isrP myrI pfrtI df hI vjLIr lYxf cfhIdf hY.
*mfstr
qfrf isMG dI qrHF hI, zf:amrjIq isMhu dI vI ieho soc irhMdI hY ik vwD qoN vwD
gurU GrF dIaF kmytIaF ies dy kMtrol hyT rihx jF kmytIaF ‘c ies dy smriQk hox.
*lfrz
mFAUNtbYtn, jYnknjL ny bVI koisLsL kIqI ik nfnk cMd AurP mfstr qfrf isMG,
musilmlIg dy lIzrF nfl amn kfiem krn dI gwl kry qF ik lwKF iswK pirvfr pfksqfn
ivwc bc jfx. pr nfnk cMd AurP mfstr qfrf isMG ny iewk nf mMnI.
*nfnk cMd
AurP mfstr qfrf isMG ny musilmlIg dy iKlfP kqlo gfirq sLurU krn df iswKF nMU
hukm dy idwqf sI aqy ikhf ik sfry pMjfb ivwc jlUs kwZy jfx, AupRMq kfiedy afjm
ijnfh, musilmlIg aqy pfksqfn murdfbfd dy nfary lgfey jfx.
*nfnk cMd
AurP mfstr qfrf isMG ny musilmlIg aqy pfksqfn dy iKlfP nfary mrvf ky iswKF dI
kqlyafm muslmfnF qoN krvf idwqI.
*1947 c
Bfrq dI vMz vyly nihrU nMU ksLmIr afpxy hwQ ivwc rwKx df bhuq iKafl sI, ikAuNik
Auh ksLmIrI bRfhmx sI. Aus ny nfnk cMd AurP mfstr qfrf isMG nMU afpxy nfl imlf
ky pMjfb rfhIN ksLmIr df rsqf bcfAux vfsqy KuPIaf smJOqf kr ilaf sI. iesy leI
qF nfnk cMd AurP mfstrqfrf isMG keI vfr kih cuwkf sI ik Aus ny iswKF vfsqy sfrI
gwl nihrU nfl muwkf CwzI hY.
*Bfrq vMz
vyly 1947 c nfnk cMd AurP mfstr qfrf isMG ny iswK rfj dI gwl ies leI nhIN kIqI
ikAuNik Auh nihrU dy hwQF c ivk cuwkf sI aqy ihMdU puwqr hox df krjL adf kr
irhf sI.
*zf:amrjIq
isMhu vI afpxf agf ipwCf puwCy jfx qy iesy leI hI nhIN ds irhf ikAuNik ieh vI
mfstr qfrf isMG vFg hI ihMdU puwqr hox df krjL hI adf kr irhf hY.
*bfbf KVk
isMG ny 1943 dI ivsfKI dy mOky sfbo kI qlMvzI dmdmf sfihb kfnPrMs ivwc jLordfr
sLbdF ivwc afiKaf sI, isMGo qusIN nfnk cMd AurP mfstr qfrf isMG nMU lIzr bxf
ilaf hY, vkq afeygf, quhfnMU pqf lgygf aqy Byq KulHygf ik nfnk cMd AurP mfstr
qfrf isMG kOx hY. bfbf KVk isMG jI dI ieh gwl iblkul swc inklI ik nfnk cMd AurP
mfstr qfrf isMG ny gulfmI df ptf iswK kOm dy gly pf ky awDI iswK kOm pfksqfn dy
hvfly aqy awDI iswK kOm ihMdUsqfn dy hvfly krky dunIaF dI bhuq aflHf iswK POj
nihrU dy hvfly kr idwqI.
*zf:amrjIq
isMhu nMU aKbfrF ‘c pVHn, kYstF aqy ryzIA rfhIN suxn vfly iswK Brfvo, smF
afvygf qy qusIN Kud hI afKogy ik ieh vI, mfstr qfrf isMG hI inkilaf.
*mFAUNtbYtn
ny 18 apRYl 1947 dI mulfkfq ivwc iswK irafsqF bfbq vI gwlbfq kIqI qF ik iswKF
df kuwJ bx sky pr nfnk cMd AurP mfstr qfrf isMG nihrU nfl ies KuPIaf smJOqy
krky ivwk cuwkf sI aqy Aus ny shI nukqy dI koeI gwl nf afp kIqI aqy nf hI
igafnI krqfr isMG jF bldyv isMG nMU krn idwqI.
*mFAUNtbYtn
ny 18 apRYl 1947 nMU bVI koisLsL kIqI ik nfnk cMd/mfstr qfrf isMG aqy Aus dI
pfrtI pMjfb dI vMz nMU nf mMnx ikAUNik ies ivc iswKF nMU kuwJ vI nhIN imldf. pr
nfnk cMd AurP mfstr qfrf isMG ny mFAUNbYtn dI ies koisLsL nMU vI sPl nf hox
idwqf.
*iswKF nMU
mulkI slfh dyx vfsqy aMgryjL srkfr ny myjr sfrt nMU mukrwr kIqf sI jo ik iswKF
dy msilaF nMU bhuq cMgI qrHF smJdf sI. Aus ny bVI koisLsL kIqI ik mf:qfrf isMG,
nihrU dy jfl ivwc nf Psy, lyikn ihMdU puwq nfnk cMd AurP mfstr qfrf isMG ny Aus
dIaF slfhF dI koeI pRvfh nf kIqI. myjr sfrt pCqfAux lwgf ik iswK iewk Kqrnfk
pMjy ivwc Ps gey hn aqy afpxf iswK rfj(Kflsqfn) kfiem krn ivwc Pyl ho gey hn.
*1947 c
iswK lIzr isLp ny mfstr qfrf isMG dy Kqrnfk pMijaF c Ps ky iml rhy iswK rfj df
nuksfn krfieaf qy1986 qoN bfad zf:amrjIq isMhu dy Kqrnfk pMijaF c Ps ky Boly
iswKF ny KflsqfnI sMGrsL df nuksfn krfieaf aqy krf rhy hn.
*iswK rfj
pfksqfn aqy ihMd dy ivcoN ieilhdf ho ky kfiem hoxf sI. jy musilmlIg qy kFgrs
iswKF df rfj nf mMndy aqy iswK lIzr iswK rfj lYx vfsqy kfiem rihMdy qF pfk qy
ihMd vI nhIN bx skdy sI. pr ies qrHF mfstr qfrf isMG ny nhIN hox idwqf.
*nfnk cMd
AurP mfstr qfrf isMG ny, iswK kOm nMU njLr aMdfjL krky, nihrU nfl iml ky iswKF
dy sfry hwk mrvf idwqy ijhVy ik muslmfnF qy ihMdUaF dy brfbr sn.
*ihMd
srkfr vwloN gwlbfq leI, Kflsqfn dy sMGrsL pRqI, pMQk kmytI bfbf mfnocfhl nMU
idwqy gey sdf pwqr df, mfstr qfrf isMG dI qrF hI, zf:amrjIq isMhu dy siqkfr Xog
mqbMny bfp zf:sohx isMG pMQk kmytI ny ivroD c rOlf rpf pf ky, iswK ajLfdI dI
sLurU hox jf rhI gwlbfq dy sfry hwkF nMU mrvf idwqf.
*2 jMUn
1947 nMU svyry 10 vjy mFAUNtbYtn ny musilmlIg,kFgrs aqy iswKF dy lIzrF nMU rfj
dyx dIaF qjLvIjLF hvfly kr idwqIaF aqy afK idwqf ik afpxIaF hfeI kmFzF qoN
pRvfngI lY ky kwlH 3 jMUn nMU mFAUNbYtn nMU hF jF nfh kr dyx leI ikhf ilKqI rUp
ivwc. nfnk cMd AurP mfstr qfrf isMG ny iswK kOm nMU brbfd krn vfsqy nihrU nfl
iml ky,iswK kOm nMU iml rhI ajLfdI vfsqy,iswK kOm nfl koeI slfh msLvrf nhIN
kIqf aqy nf hI afp iswK rfj dI gwlbfq qy awgy viDaf.
*lyzI
mfAUNt bYtn nMU Kbr imlI ik isaflkot qoN jLKmI iswKF dI BrI bws aMimRqsr hspqfl
phMucI hY, Auh jLKmIaF nMU dyKx leI hspqfl phMuc geI, 28 agsq 1947 nMU rfq
10,30 vjy lyzI mfAUNt bYtn, iswK lIzr nfnk cMd/mf: qfrf isMG nMU imlI aqy amn
amfn krfAux vfsqy gwlbfq kIqI aqy awKIN dyKy jLKmIaF dI hflq bfry jfxkfrI idwqI,
ijs nMU sux ik ihMdU puwqr nfnk cMd/iswK lIzr mfstr qfrf isMG kMbx lwg ipaf.
*iswKF dy
duKFq nMU sux ky aKOqI iswK lIzr, ihMdU puwqr, nfnk cMd AurP mfstr qfrf isMG
kMbx lwg igaf sI, TIk Ausy qrHF aKOqI KflsqfnI lIzr, bRfhmx puwqr zf: amrjIq
isMhu vI Aus vkq kMbx lwg igaf jdoN ies nMU pqf lwgf ik kYnyzf srkfr ny
PYzrysLn qy pfbMdI lgf idwqI hY.ieh aKOqI KflsqfnI Ausy vkq kYnyzf nMU alivdf
afK ky amrIkf c GuspYT kr igaf jd ik ies nMU cfhIdf sI ik ieh hor vI KflsqfnI
vIrF nMU nfl lY ky kYnyzf srkfr dy numfieMidaF nMU kot kichrI rfhIN jvfb qlbI c
iKwc ilafAuNdf. pr ies ny aijhf nhIN kIqf, ikAuNik ihMdU puwqr ieho qF cfhMudf
hY ik iswKF nMU dunIaF pwDr qy vwD qoN vwD bdnfm kIqf jf sky.
*nfnk cMd
AurP mfstr qfrf isMG rfq dy smyN iksy ivrfn jgfh qy pRqfp isMG kYroN nMU imlx
jfieaf krdf sI aqy ieh dovyN aKOqI iswK lIzr afpxIaF kfrF aqy kfrF dy zrYvrF
qoN qkrIbn 50 gjL dy Pfsly qy jf ky KuPIaf ivcfrF kiraf krdy hMudy sn. ies qrF
mfstr qfrf isMG, pRqfp isMG kYroN dy iesLfry qy kMm krdf sI.
*zf:amrjIq
isMhu ijs qrHF afpxf ihMdUsqfn ivclf agf ipwCf nhIN dsdf TIk Ausy qrHF ieh
amrIkf ivclI vI afpxI rhfiesL df shI QF iTkfxf iksy nMU nhIN dsdf, ikAuNik ho
skdf hY ik ieh vI rfqF nMU mfstr qfrf isMG vFg hI, ieMzIan aMbYsIaF dy dPqrF ‘c
rfqF nMU smF vqIq krdf hovy?
*lfrz vyvl
ny afK idwqf sI ik vkq afeygf jd ik iswK vI muslmfnF aqy ihMdUaF vFg afpxf
alwg(ajLfd) ielfkf mMgxgy.
*mfAUNt
bYtn df mwQf Txikaf ik iswK vIto pfvr qoN jIro bxdy jf rhy hn, qF Aus ny iswK
lIzrF (nfnk cMd AurP mfstr qfrf isMG,bldyv isMG,igafnI krqfr isMG)nMU bulf ky
pMjfb df nksLf myj qy ibCf idwqf aqy ikhf ik afh vfgfh bfzr qy lkIr iKwc
idwqI,jo pMjfb dI vMz dI lkIr hY.ies nfl quhfzI awDI iswK kOm pfksqfn ivwc aqy
awDI iswK kOm ihMdUsqfn ivwc rih jFdI hY, kI qusIN ies vMz nMU mMndy ho ? nfnk
cMd AurP mfstr qfrf isMG dI agvfeI ivwc bfkIaF ny vI hF kr idwqI ik sfnMU ieh
vMz mnjLUr hY. mfAUNt bYtn ies vMz nMU vfr vfr puwCdf irhf qF ik ieh iswK kOm
dy lIzr, kOm nMU do ihisaF c vMzy jfx df ivroD krn pr nfnk cMd AurP mfstr qfrf
isMG isrP hF hI krdf irhf qy bfkI dono iswK lIzr cuwp hI rhy. nfnk cMd AurP
mfstr qfrf isMG dy mMUhoN pMjfb dI vMz qy iswK kOm dI vMz pRqI hF sux ky mFAUNt
bYtn dy pYrF QilAuN jLmIn inkl geI aqy afKx lwgf cMgf ijvyN qusIN afKdy ho
eyvyN hI ho jfvygf.
jrUrI not:-
*mfstr
qfrf isMG dIaF iswK kOm nfl gdfrIaF dI hor jfxkfrI qusIN (mfstr qfrf isMG df
iswK kOm nfl ivsfhGfq) pusqk ivcoN lY skdy ho. ieh pusqk pMjfbI ivwc rfm isMG
dI ilwKI hoeI hY.
pMQ df
syvfdfr
510-774-909
svfl
sMgRih krqf
Kflsqfn
ijMLdfbfd
prmjIq
isMG syKoN (dfKf)
pRDfn, dl
Kflsf alfieSs
azvfiejLr,
kONsl afP Kflsqfn
pRYs
sYktrI, by eyrIaf iswK alfieSs
PfAUNzr,
ieMtrnYsLnl iswK sfihq sBf
mYNbr, df
iswK aYjUkysLnl trst kYnyzf
mYNbr,
vrlz iswK kONsl ihAUmn rfiets ivMg
kOafrzInytr,
ieMtrnYsLnl iswK siBafcfr susfietI
No comments:
Post a Comment