ihMdosqfnI- gOrimMt, ihMdU, bRfhmx, pMzq,
hiQafrbMd PorsF, isafsI lIzr, sB tYroirst hn.
ihMdosqfnI-
gOrimMt, ihMdU, bRfhmx, pMzq,
hiQafrbMd
PorsF, isafsI lIzr, sB tYroirst hn.
ihMdI ihMdU
ihMdUsqfn ‘c rihMidaF,
iswK cfr pVfvF ‘c
ihMdUaf df gulfm hY.
1-iswK nMU mOq srtIiPkyt ihMdU koz
muqfibk pRfpq hMudf hY.
2-iswK nMU jMnm srtIiPkyt ihMdU koz
muqfibk pRfpq hMudf hY.
3-iswK nMU jIvn sMskfr df srtIiPkyt
ihMdU koz muqfibk pRfpq hMudf hY.
4-iswK nMU afpxI ikrq kmfeI df tYks
ihMdU koz muqfibk Brnf pYNdf hY.
ihMdI
ihMdU ihMdUsqfn ‘c rihMidaF ieh sfry ihMdU koz iswK kOm qy lfgU hn pr ieh sfry
koz iesfeIaF aqy muslmfnF qy lfgU nhIN hn, aYsf ikAuN ? ikAuNik isWK kOm
ihMdUsqfn ‘c gulfm hY.
dunIaF ivwc vwK vwK nslF dy, vwK
vwK DrmF dy, lokF kol afpo afpxy mulk hn,
iswK vI iewk vwKrI nsl ‘qy vKrf Drm
hY, ies kol afpxf mulk nhIN hY, ikAuN ?
ikAuNik isWK kOm
gulfm hY.
1-dunIaF ivwc ihMdU hn iehnF kol
afpxf mulk hY.
2-dunIaf ivwc muslm hn iehnF kol
afpxy mulk hn.
3-dunIaF ivwc kirscIan hn iehnF kol
afpxf mulk hY.
4-dunIaF ivwc iswK vI hn pr isWKF
kol afpxf mulk nhIN hY.
jy
dUsrIaF nslF aqy dUsry DrmF dy lokF nMU afpxI hoNd nMU bcfAux leI afpxy mulkF
dI loV mihsUs hoeI qF AunHF ny bxf ley. kI iswK nsl aqy iswK Drm nMU bcfAux leI
sfnMU afpxy mulk dI loV nhIN ?.
jy ihMdUsqfn dIaF
srhdF qy jf ky lVnf pvy qF ihMdUsqfnIaF dIaF ingfhF ‘c iswK bhfdr kOm hY. jy
iehI bhfdr iswK kOm, ihMdUsqfn dy aMdr brfbr dy sLihrI bx ky rihx dy hwk mMg
lvy qF ihMdUsqfnI ieh nfary lgfAuNdy hn :- dysL ky gdfroN ko, mfro ien srdfroN
ko.
hux iswKF kol do hI
rfh hn (1) jF qF ihMdosqfn aMdr gulfm bx ky
rihxf iswKx (2) jF iPr Kfilsqfn dI pRfpqI leI
jUJx. so iswK kOm ny dohF ‘coN iewk rfh cux ilaf hY Kfilsqfn dI pRfpqI df. iswK
kOm dy josLIly qy juJfrU lIzrF ny 29 apRYl 1986 nMU Kfilsqfn df aYlfn kIqf sI
aqy 7 akqUbr 1987 nMU Kfilsqfn dI srkfr dy ivhfP qy kONsl afP Kfilsqfn hoNd ‘c
afeI sI. so hux iswK kOm dy sihXog nfl Kfilsqfn dI pRfpqI leI kONsl afP
Kflsqfn, sRLomxI akflI dl aMimRqsr, df isWK aYjUkysLnl trst kYnyzf, dl Kflsf
alfieSs, aqy kuwJ hor jlfvqnI qy kflIaF sUcIaF vfly gurU nfnk nfm lyvf sMGrsL
kr rhy hn. zf:sohx isMG pMQk kmytI vfly Kflsqfn dI byVI ‘c bty hn. ies pMQk
kmytI df spoksmYn-zf: vYd hkIm amrjIq ishMu rfa df eyjLt hY. bIjypI, bfdl akflI
dl aqy kFgrsI KflsqfnIaF dy kfql hn. kMvrpfl isMG ibtU, aiqMdrpfl isMG, jsvIr
isMG rozy, srkfrI eyjMsIaF dIaF kwTpuqlIaF hn.
siqkfr Xog pfTko:- * ksLmIr qoN kMinaf kumfrI qwk bhuwq sfry Bfrq hn,
bysLumfr slqnqF hn, prjf hY, rfjy hn. * ieqhfs
dI nPrq dy sB pfqr, sB GtnfvF aqy sB kFz ijAuN dy iqAuN myry vrqmfn c ijAuNdy
hn. * nF aOrMgjyb ikwDry igaf hY, nF
bfbr awjy miraf hY, nF eIst ieMzIaf kMpnI jlfvqn hoeI hY, nf aMgryjL nMU dysL
inkflf imilaf hY. * ajy qF jilaF vflf bfg vI ieQy hI
ikDry sPr kr irhf hY. *
kfql, jmhUrIaq df
iewk burkf hY, jo kdy koeI pihndf hY kdy koeI. * burky aMdrlf sLfsLk kdy ihtlr bx jFdf hY, kdy mMsolnI, kdy
aOrMgjyb, kdy aMgryj, kdy ieMdrf, kdy
rfjIv, kdy ibMaqf, kdy rya rbYro, kdy ky pI aYs igwl. * ihMdUsqfnI jmhUrIaq, ihMdU awqvfdI kfqlF leI, Gwt
igxqI iswKF dI bybsI df ryqlf itwbf hY, ijs nMU kdy jMUn 84 AuWzf ky lY jFdI hY
qy kdy nvMbr 84. * BfrqI sMivDfn ihMdU awqvfdIaF
vwloN kql ho cuwkf hY. *
BfrqI jmhUrIaq ihMdU
awqvfd vwloN jlfvqn kr idwqI geI hY. * BfrqI
pfrlImYNt dIaF gol kMDF dy ZkONsly c BfrqI ksfeI (ihMdU awqvfdI) juVdy hn, jo
ihMdI ihMdU ihMdUsqfn ‘c Gwt igxqIaf nMU ijbf krn dIaF qrqIbF GVdy hn. * BfrqI lokqMqr ihMdU awqvfd hwQoN agvf ho igaf hY. * BfrqI lokqMqr ihMdU awqvfd dy pRBfv hyT guMmrfh ho
igaf hY. * BfrqI lokqMqr ihMdU awqvfd dy
hwQoN bygunfhF dy KMUn vfly CwpV c zuwb ky mr irhf hY. * BfrqI lokqMqr ihMdU awqvfd ‘c guMm ho igaf hY pr ikqy
irpoRt drjL nhIN . * BfrqI lokqMqr ihMdU awqvfd vwloN
kql kr idwqf igaf hY pr kfnMUn ny koeI kfrvfeI nhIN kIqI. * BfrqI sivMDfn pfV idwqf igaf pr kuwJ nhIN vfpiraf. * ijwQy Gwt igxqIaF dy lok gfjrF mUlIaF vFg vwZy tuwky
jfx, Aus nMU afpxf mulk kihx qoN pihlF, afpxy afp nMU iksy mfnisk hspqfl coN
cYk krvf lYxf cfhIdf hY. * mulk qF
idlF c DVkdf aihsfs hMudf hY, jdoN idlF dy DVkn qy pfbMdI lwg jfvy qF mulk df
dm Guwt jFdf hY. hux Bfrq (ihMdUsqfn) dy nF AuWqy iewk ksfeI Kfnf hY, ijQy Gt
igxqIaF ijbf hMudIaF hn, ijQy gYr ihMdUaF df mfs ivkdf hY, ijQy lok Jtky gey
bkry dI qrF, TfixaF c puTy ltkfey jFdy hn. * ihMdI ihMdU ihMdUsqfn mulk c guMizaF dI slqnq dy nfgirk hox qy
bhuwq sLrm afAuNdI hY. *
dm Guwt ky mr rhy
Bfrq (ihMdUsqfn) mulk c ijAUx df koeI hj bfkI nhIN irhf. * sB pfsy mOq dy bjLfr hn, sOdyvfjLI hY, svfrQ hn,
lfcfrI hY, hMJU hn, afhF hn, hOky hn, htkory hn, qrly hn, sMgl hn, hQwkVIaF hn,
bMdUkF hn, gwl GutIaF ieCfvF hn, cuwly
ivwc sVdf pyt df sMqfp hY.
* ihMdUsqfn mulk qF ihMdU mfPIaf
rfhIN srkfrF clfAux vfilaF leI kmfeI df AupjfAU Kyq hY, ijs nMU Gwt igxqIaF leI
bMjr bxf idwqf igaf hY. * hux
Bfrq(ihMdUsqfn) mulk mulk nhIN irhf aqy hfkm hn ik nIdoN hI nhIN jfgdy, ijhVy
sR:ismrnjIq isMG mfn aqy sR: gijMdr isMG vrgy jfgy hn Auh dysL DrohI vjoN jfxy
jFdy hn. * aY Bfrq, qyry dysL aMdr loQF dI
igxqI ho skdI hY, pr mr gey suPinaF nMU koeI nhIN igx skdf. * ajLfdI pYrF ivwc pfey kfnMUnF dy sMgl nhIN huMdy. * ajLfdI mOq df vpfr nhIN hY. * ajLfdI bjLfr ivwc ivkdf Gwt igxqIaF df mfs nhIN hY. * ajLfdI qF jIAUx df suwcf sMklp hY. * ijwQy ijMdgI DrqI qy rINgdI hovy, ijwQy inwky inwky
bfl jUT dy tuWkiVaF qy pldy hox, ijwQy sLfsLn bMdUk dI nok qy cldf hovy, ijwQy
sLfsLn qy kfnMUn Gwt igxqIaF dy KMUn df iqhfieaf hovy, AuQy ajLfdI df sMklp sfh
nhIN lY skdf. * Bfrq, hux asIN qyry jIx dI duaf
ikvyN krIey ? sfnMU qF afpxy jIx df aqy pMjfb Kflsqfn nMU bcfAux df iPkr pY
igaf hY. * Bfrq(ihMdUsqfn) 1947 c vI sV irhf
sI aqy awj vI sV irhf hY. Bfrq(ihMdUsqfn) dy hr iKqy ivwc Aus vkq vI awg mwcdI
sI, hux vI ivdroh dy BFbV hn. awj Bfrq(ihMdUsqfn) df pwCm sV irhf hY, AuWqr qVP
irhf hY, pUrb rfK ho irhf hY, dwKx lfl pIlf hoieaf bYTf hY. ihMdUsqfn, lfl ikly
awgy juVy qmfsLbInF dI BIV c dm GuWtI Kloqf hY. hONkdIaF sVkF qy dOVdf
ihMdUsqfn Qwk tuwt cuwkf hY. dysL dy lIzr aqy pUrf pRsLfsLn krpt ho cuwkf hY.
aY ihMdU awqvfd Xfd
rwK, ik isWK rfj df JMzf JUilaf sI aqy JUlygf, iswK kOm afpxI hoNd df pRgtfvf
1469 qoN lY ky hux qwk krdI hY. ieMny QoVy ijhy smyN ‘c iswK kOm ny iqn vfr
isWK rfj sQfipq kIqf hY aqy hux cOQI vfr isWK rfj sQfipq krn leI iswK kOm
sMGrsL kr rhI hY.
1-iswK kOm ny pihlf rfj, bfbf bMdf
isMG bhfdr dy smyN ‘c Kflsf rfj 1710 ‘c sQfipq kIqf sI.
2-iswK kOm ny dUsrf rfj, mhfrfjf
rxjIq isMG dy smyN ‘c iswK rfj sQfipq kIqf sI.
3-iswK kOm ny qIsrf rfj, aMgryjF qoN
1947 ‘c sQfipq kIqf sI, jo ihMdU mq ny Cwl kwpt krky DoKy nfl iswK lIzrF
qoN hiQaf ilaf sI.
hux asIN ihMdUaF qoN
kuwJ mMg nhIN rhy aqy nf hI kuwJ Koh jF luwt rhy hF. asIN qF 1849 ‘c DoKy nfl
Koieaf hoieaf aqy 1947 ‘c DoKy nfl dibaf hoieaf iswK rfj hI vfips pRfpq krn leI
sMGrsL kr rhy hF. iswK kOm cOQI vfr rfj, sQfipq krn leI sMGrsL kr rhI hY. jy
iswK kOm iqMn vfr rfj sQfipq kr skdI hY qF hux cOQI vfr vI avsL KflsqfnI rfj
sQfipq hovygf. ihMdU mwq kRoVF sflF dI hoNd df pRgtfvf krdI hY. kI ihMdU mwq ny
kRoVF sflf’c, 1947 qoN pihlF iewk GMtf vI kdy rfj sQfipq kIqf hY, kdy afpxI
kRMsI jfrI kIqI hY, qF dso. iswK kOm ny qF iqMn vfr rfj sQfipq kIqf hY aqy iewk
vfr qF dl Kflsf alfieSs dy jQydfr bfbf bGyl isMG ny idwlI Pqih krky Aus AuWpr
KflseI pRMcm vI lihrf idwqf sI.
ijhVy Kflsqfn dI
isWDy jF aisWDy qrIky ivroDqf krdy hn, mYN AuhnF nMU puwCxf cfhMudf hF ik * quhfzy kol kI gRMtI hY ik ihMdUsqfn ‘c rihMidaF,
iswKF nfl sMn 47 kFz dubfrf nhIN vfprygf? * quhfzy
kol kI gRMtI hY ik ihMdUsqfn ‘c rihMidaF, iswKF nfl 1978 vrgf inMrkfrI kFz
dubfrf nhIN vfprygf? * quhfzy kol kI gRMtI hY ik
ihMdUsqfn ‘c rihMidaF, iswKF nfl jMUn 1984 vrgf iBafnk kFz dubfrf nhIN hovygf? * quhfzy kol kI gRMtI hY ik ihMdUsqfn ‘c rihMidaF,
iswKF nfl nvMbr 1984 vrgI kqlyafm dubfrf nhIN hovygI? * quhfzy kol kI gRMtI hY ik ihMdUsqfn ‘c rihMidaF,
iswKF idaF kfqlF jgdIsL tfietlr, kypI aYs igl, sumyD sYxI, iejLhfr aflm vrigaF,
afid nMU ihMdUsqfnI kfnMUn sjfvF dyvygf? * quhfzy
kol kI gRMtI hY ik ihMdUsqfn ‘c rihMidaF, iswKF nMU brfbr dy sLihrI vfly sfry
aiDkfr pRfpq ho skxgy? *
quhfzy kol kI gRMtI
hY ik ihMdUsqfn ‘c rihMidaF, ihMdUaF vwloN iswK kOm nMU iewk vwKrf Drm svIkfr
kr ilaf jfvygf. * quhfzy kol kI gRMtI hY ik
ihMdUsqfn ‘c rihMidaF, iswK kOm nMU imly jLrfiem pysLF dy iKqfb Doqy jfxgy? * quhfzy kol kI gRMtI hY ik ihMdUsqfn ‘c rihMidaF,
iswKF nMU awqvfdI vwKvfdI afqMkvfdI kihky nhIN pukfiraf jfvygf aqy nf hI pfiksqfn dy eyjMt hox dI sLwk rhygI?
* quhfzy kol kI gRMtI hY ik
ihMdUsqfn ‘c rihMidaF, pMjfb nMU pMjfbI boldy ielfky pRfpq ho jfxgy? * quhfzy kol kI gRMtI hY ik ihMdUsqfn ‘c rihMidaF,
pMjfb nMU cMzIgVH dI pRfpqI leI hor sMGrsL nhIN krnf pvygf? * quhfzy kol kI gRMtI hY ik ihMdUsqfn ‘c rihMidaF,
pMjfb dy pfxIaF-ibjLlI aqy KyqIbfVI dI luwt bMd ho jfvygI? * quhfzy kol kI gRMtI hY ik ihMdUsqfn ‘c rihMidaF,
iswKF dy gurU gRMQ sfihb nhIN sfVy jfxgy aqy iswK nhIN ilqfVy jfxgy?
* jy quhfzy kol ienHF glHF df jvfb
vI koeI nhIN aqy gRMtI vI koeI nhIN, qF quhfnMU guriswK ieiqhfs Xfd rwKxf
cfhIdf hY, ik jy iswK kOm rfj Bfg kurbfnIaF krky ihMdUsqfnIaF nMU duaf skdI hY
qF afpxf bxdf rfj Bfg vfps vI lY skdI hY. jy iswK kOm pihlF vI afpxy rfj Bfg
sQfipq kr skdI sI qF hux vI afpxy bIqy ieiqhfs dI rONsnI ‘c muV afpxf rfj Bfg
sQfipq kr skdI hY. ies leI smF Gwt vwD jrUr lwg skdf hY.
sfzy leI purfqn muslm
hkUmqF aqy
1947 qoN bfad ihMdU
hkUmqF ieko ijhIaF hn ikAuNik:-
* kwl muslm hkUmq ny drbfr sfihb
aMimRqsr qy hmly kIqy sI, awj ihMdU hkUmq ny drbfr sfihb aMimRqsr qy sfkf nIlf
qfrf aqy blYk QMzr vrgy hmly kIqy hn. * kwl
muslm hkUmq ny iswKF dy isrF dy muwl pfey sn, awj ihMdU hkUmq ny iswKF dy isrF
dy muwl pfey hn. * kwl muslm hkUmq ny iswKF nMU swp
dy bwcy ikhf sI, awj ihMdU hkUmq ny iswKF nMU tYroirsLt afqMkvfdI ikhf hY. * kwl muslm hkUmq ny ihMdUaF nMU GoVy rwKx dI mnfhI
kIqI sI, awj ihMdU hkUmq ny isrdfr kpUr isMG jI nMU aMbYszr kfr KrIdx aqy rwKx
dI mnfhI kIqI sI (pVHo sfcI sfKI). * kwl
muslm hkUmq ny iswKF dy kfqlF (gMgU dy vfrsF) nMU jfgIrF idwqIaF sn, awj ihMdU
hkUmq ny iswKF dy kfqlF nMU (jgdIsL tfietlr aqy ky pI aYs igl vrigaF nMU) vjLIrIaF
aqy qgmy idwqy hn. * kwl muslm hkUmq ny iswKF nMU afry
nfl cIr ky sLhId kIqf sI, awj ihMdU hkUmq ny iswK nMU do jIpF mgr bMn ky
ivcfilAuN pfV ky sLhId kIqf hY. * kwl
muslm hkUmq ny swq swq mhInyaF dy bwicaF nMU nyijaF qy tMigaf sI, awj ihMdU
hkUmq ny swq mhIny dI bwcI dy srIr qoN kpVy Auqfr ky, srIr qy imTf mwl ky,
kIVIaF dy BOx qy ibTfieaf hY. * kwl
muslm hkUmq ny iswKF nMU bMd bMd kwt ky sLhId kIqf sI, awj ihMdU hkUmq ny
ijAUNdy iswKF dIaF awKF kZIaF, jmUrF nfl nMuh iKwc iKwc qoVy, qqy srIey srIrF
ivwc dI lMGfey, afid. *
kwl muslm hkUmq ny
iswKF nMU AubldIaF dygF ‘c Aubfilaf sI, awj ihMdU hkUmq ny iswKF nMU Aubldy
pfxI dy kVfhyaF ‘c ijAUNidaf Aubfl ky sLhId kIqf hY. * kwl muslm hkUmq vyly cMdU qy gMgU afid iswKF dy iKlfP
Bugqy sn, awj ihMdU rfj vyly, bfdl akflI dl aqy zf:sohx isMG pMQk kmytI vfly vI
iswK kOm dI cVHdI klHf dy iKlfP Bugq rhy hn. * kwl muslm hkUmq ny jo jLbr jLulm ihMdUaF qy kIqy sn, awj ihMdU
hkUmq ny Aus qoN vI vwD jLbr jLulm iswK
kOm ‘qy kIqy hn aqy kr rhI hY. * kwl
aMgryjL hkUmq ny jilaF vfly bfg rfhIN iswK kqlyafm kIqI sI, awj ihMdU hkUmq ny
nvMbr 1984 ‘c iswK kqlyafm kIqI hY. * kwl
muslm hkUmq dy GlUGfry iswK kOm nMU Kqm nhIN kr sky, awj ihMdU hkUmq dy GlUGfry
vI iswK kOm nMU Kqm nhIN kr skxgy. * muslm
aqy ihMdU hkUmq nfl sbiDMq iswKF dy GlUGfry ieh nf mfqr iesLfry hI kfPI hn pr
ieiqhfs bhuq lMmf hY.
* ieMzIan gOrimMt tYroirst-ieMzIaf
dI gOrimMt ny jMUn 1984 ‘c drbfr sfihb qy hmlf kIqf aqy afpxy hI mulk dy byksUr
isWK nfgirkF dI bVI byrihmI nfl kqlyafm kIqI, ies leI ieMzIaf dI gOrimMt
tYroirst hY. * ieMzIan
ihMdU tYroirst-ieMzIaf dy ihMdUaF ny nvbMr 1984 ‘c bVI byrihmI nfl isWKF dI
kqlyafm kIqI, bVI byrihmI nfl kirscIanF dI kqlyafm kIqI, bVI byrihmI nfl
muslmfnF dI kqlyafm kIqI, ies leI ieMzIan ihMdU tYroirst hn. * ieMzIan bRfhmx tYroirst-ieMzIaf dy
bRfhmx Dfrimk afgUaF ny vwzI igxqI ‘c ieWkTy ho ky bfbrI msijd nMU Zfhux leI
ihMdU awqvfdIaF dI agvfeI kIqI, ies leI ieMzIan bRfhmx tYroirst hn.
Kflsqfn dI pRfpqI
leI hMBlf sfzf-sfQ quhfzf.
quhfzy imlvrqx aqy
ivcfrF dI AuzIk rhygI.
nf mYN ihMdUsqfnI-nf mYN pfiksqfnI-mYN hF KflsqfnI,
Kflsqfn ijLMdfbfd..
pMQ df
syvfdfr
510-774-909
Kflsqfn
ijMLdfbfd
prmjIq
isMG syKoN (dfKf)
pRDfn, dl
Kflsf alfieSs
azvfiejLr,
kONsl afP Kflsqfn
pRYs
sYktrI, by eyrIaf iswK alfieSs
PfAUNzr,
ieMtrnYsLnl iswK sfihq sBf
mYNbr, df
iswK aYjUkysLnl trst kYnyzf
mYNbr,
vrlz iswK kONsl ihAUmn rfiets ivMg
kOafrzInytr,
ieMtrnYsLnl iswK siBafcfr susfietI
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